S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A.
Stand-Alone Financial Statements
as at and for the financial year ended at
31 December 2022
Issued in accordance with
Order of the Minister of Public Finance no 2.844/2016 on the approval of the
Accounting Regulations compliant with the
International Financial Reporting Standards adopted by the
European Union
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S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A.
Stand-Alone Statement of Financial Position as at 31 December 2022
(All amounts are expressed in RON, unless otherwise expressly provided for.)
Notes 1 to 33 are an integral part of these individual financial statements.
1
Note
31 December 2022
(audited)
31 December 2021
(audited)
Assets
Fixed assets
Tangible non-current assets
5
5,737,295,053
5,853,337,904
Assets representing rights to use underlying assets within a leasing contract
6
15,565,831
1,180,392
Intangible non-current assets
7
50,773,837
48,391,975
Financial assets measured at amortized cost
8
41,262,942
35,496,297
Financial investments in subsidiaries
9
199,438,505
172,438,508
Investments in related entities
10
4,943,000
-
Total fixed assets
6,049,279,168
6,110,845,076
Current assets
Inventories
10
653,199,691
560,149,518
Trade receivables
12
438,539,974
220,487,430
Other financial assets measured at amortized cost
13
140,954,592
87,270,340
Bank deposits
14
1,829,796,500
1,328,973,000
Cash and cash equivalents
14
2,681,002,427
1,317,399,999
Total current assets
5,743,493,184
3,514,280,287
Total assets
11,792,772,352
9,625,125,363
Equity and liabilities
Equity
Share capital, of which:
3,211,941,683
3,211,941,683
Share capital subscribed and paid up
3,016,438,940
3,016,438,940
Inflation adjustments of the share capital
195,502,743
195,502,743
Share premium
31,474,149
31,474,149
Reserve paid in advance
21,553,537
21,553,537
Revaluation reserve
394,369,643
451,742,500
Retained earnings
6,876,165,858
4,648,549,459
Total equity
15
10,535,504,870
8,365,261,328
Liabilities
Long-term liabilities
Long-term loans
17
64,810,940
130,135,030
Liabilities under long-term leasing agreements
6
12,831,121
910,586
Provisions for risks and charges
19
174,504,703
245,823,013
Deferred income
20
63,611,498
72,037,242
Deferred tax liability
21
95,446,226
102,278,835
Liabilities for employee benefits
22
45,557,591
46,378,990
Total long-term liabilities
456,762,079
597,563,696
Current liabilities
Trade and other payables
18
445,315,659
285,939,903
Current part of provisions for risks and charges
19
77,040,585
69,541,135
Corporate income tax due
21
52,801,797
48,781,242
Deferred income
20
157,087,526
89,647,495
Current part of the long-term loans
17
65,525,433
168,126,539
Liabilities under short-term leasing agreements
6
2,734,403
264,025
Total current liabilities
800,505,403
662,300,339
Total liabilities
1,257,267,482
1,259,864,035
Total equity and liabilities
11,792,772,352
9,625,125,363
S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A.
Stand-Alone Income Statement for the financial year ended on 31 December 2022
(All amounts are expressed in RON, unless otherwise expressly provided for.)
Notes 1 to 33 are an integral part of these individual financial statements.
2
Note
2022
(audited)
2021
(audited)
Revenues
Income from the sale of electricity
6,343,639,700
3,103,149,573
Income from the transport of electricity
22,902,955
13,489,781
23
6,366,542,655
3,116,639,354
Other income
24
167,467,707
87,240,542
Operating expenditure
Depreciation and impairment
(605,405,084)
(562,856,167)
Personnel costs
25
(555,235,871)
(444,087,233)
Cost of electricity purchased
(513,740,391)
(249,251,484)
Repairs and maintenance
(86,468,972)
(87,343,797)
Expenses with the transmission of electricity
(22,902,955)
(13,489,781)
Expenses with spare parts
(25,907,604)
(17,483,880)
Costs of nuclear fuel
(151,211,177)
(154,445,202)
Additional tax expenses / Contribution to the Energy Transition Fund
26
(1,085,014,040)
-
Other operating expenditure
27
(502,116,398)
(495,442,284)
Operating expenditure - Total
(3,548,002,492)
(2,024,399,828)
Operating profit
2,986,007,870
1,179,480,068
Financial costs
(31,687,334)
(36,411,486)
Financial income
238,176,375
61,024,720
Net financial result
28
206,489,041
24,613,234
Profit before corporate tax
3,192,496,911
1,204,093,302
Net corporate income tax expenses
21
(428,073,459)
(167,831,676)
Profit of the period
2,764,423,452
1,036,261,626
The Stand-Alone Financial Statements presented from pages 1 to 83 were signed on 17 March 2023 by:
Cosmin Ghita Dan Niculaie-Faranga
CEO CFO
S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A.
Stand-Alone Statement of Comprehensive Income for the financial year ended on 31 December 2022
(All amounts are expressed in RON, unless otherwise expressly provided for.)
Notes 1 to 33 are an integral part of these individual financial statements.
3
Note
2022
(audited)
2021
(audited)
Profit of the period
2,764,423,452
1,036,261,626
Other elements of the overall result
Items that cannot be reclassified to profit or loss
Net gain on revaluation of buildings and land
-
335,236,386
Deferred tax liability relating to the revaluation reserve
-
(53,637,821)
Actuarial (losses) related to the defined benefit plans
1,745,457
471,723
Retained earnings from other adjustments
-
(638,261)
Other elements of the overall result
1,745,457
281,432,027
Total overall result related to the period
2,766,168,909
1,317,693,653
Earnings per share
16
Earnings based on share (RON/share)
9,16 ,
3.44
Diluted earnings per share (RON/share)
9,16 ,
3.44
S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A.
Stand-Alone Statement of Changes in Equity for the financial year ended on 31 December 2022
(All amounts are expressed in RON, unless otherwise expressly provided for.)
Notes 1 to 33 are an integral part of these individual financial statements.
4
Note
Share capital
Inflation adjustments of the share capital
Share premium
Reserve paid in advance
Revaluation reserve
Retained earnings
Total equity
Balance as at 1 January 2022
(audited)
3,016,438,940
195,502,743
31,474,149
21,553,537
451,742,500
4,648,549,459
8,365,261,328
Overall result
Profit of the financial year
2,764,423,452
2,764,423,452
Other elements of the overall result
Actuarial gains related to the benefit plans
1,745,457
1,745,457
Total other elements of the overall result
1,745,457
1,745,457
Total overall result related to the financial year
15
-
-
-
-
-
2,766,168,909
2,766,168,909
Transactions with shareholders, only recognized in equity
Distributed dividends
(595,925,367)
(595,925,367)
Total transactions with shareholders, only recognized in equity
15
-
-
-
-
-
(595,925,367)
(595,925,367)
Other changes in equity
Transfer of revaluation reserves into retained earnings due to amortization
(57,372,857)
(57,372,857)
-
Other changes in equity - total
(57,372,857)
(57,372,857)
-
Balance as at 31 December 2022
(audited)
3,016,438,940
195,502,743
31,474,149
21,553,537
394,369,643
6,846,526,970
10,505,865,982
S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A.
Stand-Alone Statement of Changes in Equity for the financial year ended on 31 December 2021
(All amounts are expressed in RON, unless otherwise expressly provided for.)
Notes 1 to 33 are an integral part of these individual financial statements.
5
Note
Share capital
Inflation adjustments of the share capital
Share premium
Reserve paid in advance
Revaluation reserve
Retained earnings
Total equity
Balance as at 1 January 2021
(audited)
3,016,438,940
195,502,743
31,474,149
21,553,537
198,799,898
4,055,915,983
7,519,685,250
Overall result
Profit of the financial year
1,036,261,626
1,036,261,626
Other elements of the overall result
Actuarial gains related to the benefit plans
471,723
471,723
Other elements of the overall result
281,598,565
-
281,598,565
Retained earnings from other adjustments
(638,261)
(638,261)
Total other elements of the overall result
281,598,565
(166,538)
281,432,027
Total overall result related to the financial year
15
-
-
-
-
281,598,565
1,036,095,088
1,317,693,653
Transactions with shareholders, only recognized in equity
Distributed dividends
(472,117,575)
(472,117,575)
Total transactions with shareholders, only recognized in equity
15
-
-
-
-
-
(472,117,575)
(472,117,575)
Other changes in equity
Transfer of revaluation reserves into retained earnings due to amortization
(28,655,963)
28,655,963
-
Other changes in equity - total
(28,655,963)
28,655,963
-
Balance as at 31 December 2021
(audited)
3,016,438,940
195,502,743
31,474,149
21,553,537
451,742,500
4,648,549,459
8,365,261,328
S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A.
Stand-Alone Statement of Cash-Flows for the financial year ended on 31 December 2022
(All amounts are expressed in RON, unless otherwise expressly provided for)
Notes 1 to 33 are an integral part of these individual financial statements.
6
2022
(audited)
2021
(audited)
Cash flows from operating activities
Profit before corporate tax
3,192,496,911
1,204,093,302
Adjustments for:
Depreciation and impairment
605,405,084
562,856,167
Value adjustments of trade receivables
(817,620)
2,724,882
Value adjustments of inventories
(1,734,893)
(17,947)
Provisions related to liabilities, risks and operating expenditure
(62,870,601)
24,486,443
(Gains)/Losses from disposal of non-current assets
1,052,623
3,071,960
(Gains) from the assignment of assets held for sale
-
(1,970,976)
Net financial (income)
(207,334,379)
(23,015,621)
Changes in:
Decrease/(Increase) in trade receivables
(217,236,230)
(65,287,374)
Decrease/(Increase) in other financial assets measured at amortized cost
31,924,942
(781,566)
(Increase) in inventories
(89,967,319)
(124,697,040)
Change in deferred income
59,014,287
59,388,314
Increase of trade and other payables
138,533,797
13,402,555
Cash flows from operating activity
3,448,466,602
1,654,253,099
Corporate income tax paid
(430,885,512)
(168,972,965)
Interest received
131,286,763
50,813,771
Interest paid
(375,868)
(1,261,126)
Dividends received
60,935
1,840
Net cash related to the operating activity
3,148,552,920
1,534,834,619
Cash flows from investment activity
Purchases of intangible non-current assets
(13,829,807)
(5,569,498)
Purchases of tangible non-current assets
(464,405,047)
(295,998,480)
Investments in subsidiaries (see Note 9)
(26,999,997)
(30,772,407)
Investments in related entities (see Note 10)
(4,943,000)
-
Loans granted to subsidiaries (see Note 8)
(5,695,250)
-
Other investments in financial assets (see Note 8)
974,000
(30,104,380)
Proceeds from the sale of assets held for sale
-
4,202,609
Proceeds from sale of tangible non-current assets
107,551
57,887
(Increase)/Decrease in bank deposits
(500,823,500)
292,411,000
Net cash related to the investment activity
(1,015,615,050)
(65,773,268)
Cash flow related to financing activity
Loans payments
(173,284,441)
(226,092,994)
Dividends payments
(595,713,645)
(471,909,403)
Payments related to liabilities from leasing agreements, including interest
(337,356)
(224,795)
Net cash related to the financing activity
(769,335,442)
(698,227,192)
Net (Decrease)/Increase of cash and cash equivalents
1,363,602,428
770,834,159
Cash and cash equivalents as at 1 January (see Note 14)
1,317,399,999
546,565,840
Cash and cash equivalents as at 31 December (see Note 14)
2,681,002,427
1,317,399,999
S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A.
Notes to the Stand-Alone Financial Statements for the financial year ended as at 31 December 2022
(All amounts are expressed in RON, unless otherwise expressly provided for)
Notes 1 to 33 are an integral part of these individual financial statements.
7
1. REPORTING ENTITY
National Company Nuclearelectrica S.A. (“Company” or “SNN”) is national joint-stock company, managed under single- tier system, having a head office and two branches without legal personality, Cernavodă NPP (Nuclear Power Plant) headquartered in Constanța County, Cernavodă City, str. Medgidiei, nr. 2, registered with the Trade Register under number J13/3442/2007, respectively NFP Pitești (Nuclear Fuel Plant) headquartered in Argeș County, Mioveni City, str. Campului, nr. 1, registered with the Trade Register under number J03/457/1998. The address of the registered office is in Bucharest Municipality, Sector 1, Strada Polonă, nr. 65.
The main object of activity of the company is “Electricity generation” NACE Code 3511 and is registered with the Trade Register under number J40/7403/1998, Unique Registration Code 10874881, tax attribute RO.
The main activity of the Company consists in the electricity and heat generation by means of nuclear methods. The main place of business is within Cernavodă NPP Branch, where the Company owns and operates two functional nuclear reactors (Unit 1 and Unit 2). Those two operational nuclear reactors are based on CANDU technology (Canada Deuterium Uranium, of PHWR type).
The Company owns another two nuclear reactors at Cernavodă , which are in the early stage of construction (Unit 3 and Unit 4). The project on the Production Capacity Increase is planned to be completed by Energonuclear S.A. subsidiary (for more information see Note 9). By Decision of the Extraordinary General Meeting of Shareholders („EGMS”) no. 8/12.06.2020, the following were approved: (i) The repeal of the “Strategy for continuing the project of Units 3 and 4 within Cernavodă NPP by organizing an investors’ selection procedure” (2014) as well as of the Revised Strategy for continuing the Project of Units 3 and 4 within Cernavodă NPP by organizing an investors’ selection procedure” (2018) (item 2 of the agenda of the Extraordinary General Meeting of Shareholders held on 12 June 2020), (ii) Authorization of the Board of Directors of SNN to initiate the procedures/approaches/steps regarding the cessation of negotiations held with CGN, as well as the cessation of the legal effects (under the parties’ agreement, rescission etc.) of the following documents: “Memorandum of Understanding regarding the development, construction, operation and decommissioning of Units 3 and 4 within Cernavodă NPP (MoU)” and, respectively, “Preliminary Investors’ Agreement” (item 3 of the agenda of the Extraordinary General Meeting of Shareholders held on 12 June 2020) and (iii) Authorization of the Board of Directors of SNN to initiate steps for the examination and materialization of the strategic options relating to the construction of new electricity production capacities from nuclear sources (item 4 of the agenda of the Extraordinary General meeting of Shareholders held on 12 June 2020).
Under Decision of the Romania’s Prime Minister no. 281/14.07.2020 published in the Official Gazette of Romania, Part I, no. 618/14.VII.2020, the Strategic Coordination Committee for the Implementation of the Project of Units 3 and 4 within Cernavodă NPP was established. Agreement of the Romanian Government and of the Government of the United States of America regarding cooperation in relation to the nuclear and energetic projects from Cernavodă and in the civil nuclear energy field from Romania was signed on 9 October 2020. The Agreement has been recently ratified by the Romanian Parliament, under Law no. 200/2021. Also, in October 2020, US Exim Bank expressed, through a Memorandum of Understanding concluded with the Ministry of Energy, its interest in financing large investment projects in Romania, including nuclear ones, with a total value of USD 7 billion.
By the Current Report issued on 25 November 2021, shareholders were informed in relation to the progress of the Project of Units 3 and 4, which was in its preparatory stage, and Energonuclear S.A. branch signed the first agreement with Candu Energy, Member of SNC-Lavalin Group and the Design Authority of Units 3&4 and OEM Candu (the original manufacturer of CANDU Technology).
By Decision of the Ordinary General Meeting of Shareholders of SNN no. 6/10.08.2022 was approved the continuation of the Project of Units 3 and 4 within Cernavodă NPP, respectively, the adoption of the Preliminary Investment Decision and entering Phase 2 Preliminary Works, depending on the approval and conclusion of the Support Agreement between the Romanian State and SNN in relation to the Project of Units 3 and 4 within Cernavodă NPP. Moreover, they also approved the initiation of the steps for awarding and concluding the agreements necessary for the completion of the Project, within the limits of powers provided for in the articles of incorporation of SNN and Energonuclear S.R.L., and without exceeding the amount of EUR 185 million.
S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A.
Notes to the Stand-Alone Financial Statements for the financial year ended as at 31 December 2022
(All amounts are expressed in RON, unless otherwise expressly provided for)
Notes 1 to 33 are an integral part of these individual financial statements.
8
1. REPORTING ENTITY (CONTINUATION)
By Decision no. 6/10.08.2022 of the Extraordinary General Meeting of SNN’s Shareholders was approved the financing by SNN of Energonuclear S.A. (EN) by SNN was approved, by SNN increasing the share capital of EN in cash and/or granting related loans by SNN, with a total amount of EUR 185 million, adjusted to the Project development requirements and necessary for the implementation of Phase 2 of the Project of Units 3 and 4 within Cernavodă NPP, depending on the approval and conclusion of the Support Agreement between the Romanian State and the Company in relation to the Project of Units 3 and 4 within Cernavodă NPP.
In December 2022, the Government of Romania, at the proposal of the Ministry of Energy, approved the draft law concerning the signing of the support agreement between the Romanian State and the Company for the project concerning Units 3 and 4 of Cernavodă. The draft law was adopted by the Senate on 6 February 2023 and was registered with the Chamber of Deputies for debate (PL-x no. 46/2023).
Moreover, the Company owns a reactor (Unit 5), for which the Company’s shareholders had approved the change in the original destination since March 2014, namely, the use of Unit 5 for carrying out the activities related to the operation of Units 1 and 2. At the beginning of 2020 the International Atomic Energy Agency (“IAEA”) performed a benchmark assessment of the design requirements for the investment objective On-Site Emergency Control Center (“OSECC”) Unit 5 and an assessment of the technical requirements relating to the rating of equipment for hazards/ external events (especially the seismic rating). Presentations submitted by the international experts of IAEA within the benchmarking brought to the forefront a new method/strategy of rating, namely the demonstration of the seismic margin by using the seismic experience as an alternative method for rating the critical systems in the Building of Facilities for Emergency Cases (“BFFEC”).
In June 2020, NCNAC expressed its consent to use the seismic experience as an alternative method for demonstrating the seismic rating of the critical equipment, in which sense, in July 2020 the seismic rating guide was updated, as well as the list of systems/equipment rated from the seismic point of view for BFFEC. In the context of the above-mentioned data, a revised chart of the relaunching strategy was prepared. The revised chart for the implementation of the project comprises the completion of the construction and assembly works (purchase of seismically rated equipment and construction and assembly works) and the operationalization of the objective during 2024.
The manufacture of CANDU nuclear fuel bundles needed for the operation of the two functional nuclear reactors within Cernavodă NPP Branch, is carried out by the Company, within NFP Pitești Branch.
The Romanian energy sector is regulated by the Romanian Energy Regulatory Authority (“ANRE”), an independent public institution. The Romanian electricity market has been liberalized since 2021, and the Company participated both in 2022, and in the year 2021 only in the competitive share (for more information see Note 23).
As at 31 December 2022, the Company’s shareholders were: The Romanian State by the Ministry of Energy, which held 248,850,476 shares, representing 82.4981% of the share capital and other natural persons shareholders and other natural persons and legal entities shareholders holding together 52,793,418 shares representing 17.5019% of the share capital.
Company’s shares were traded on Bucharest Stock Exchange of 4 November 2013, having the issuing symbol SNN.
S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A.
Notes to the Stand-Alone Financial Statements for the financial year ended as at 31 December 2022
(All amounts are expressed in RON, unless otherwise expressly provided for)
Notes 1 to 33 are an integral part of these individual financial statements.
9
2. PREPARATION BASES
a) Declaration of conformity
The Stand-Alone Financial Statements were prepared in accordance with the Order of the Minister of Public Finance no. 2.844/2016 approving of Accounting Regulations compliant with the International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”), as amended (“OMPF 2.844/2016”). For the purposes of the Order of the Minister of Public Finance no. 2.844/2016, the International Financial Reporting Standards are adopted according to the procedure provided under the Regulation (EC) no. 1.606/2002 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 July 2002 on the application of international accounting standards (“IFRS adopted by the European Union”).
The Stand-Alone Financial Statements prepared for the financial year ended on 31 December 2022 were audited by the financial auditor of the Company - S.C. Mazars Romania S.R.L.
These Stand-Alone Financial Statements were authorized for issue and were signed on 17 March 2023 by the Company’s management.
b) Going concern
These Financial Statements were drafted according to the going concern principle supposing that the Company will continue its activity, without any significant reduction, as well as in the foreseeable future.
Having examined the implications of the conflict in Ukraine on the Company’s business, the management consider that its business continuity will not be affected (see Note 4).
c) Presentation of the financial statements
The Stand-Alone Financial Statements are presented in compliance with the requirements of IAS 1 “Presentation of Financial Statements” and IAS 27 „Separate Financial Statements”. The Company adopted a presentation based on liquidity within the statement of the financial position and a presentation of the revenues and expenses depending on their nature within the statement of profit or loss account and of other items of the comprehensive income, considering that such presentation models provide credible information being more relevant than those presented according to different methods permitted by IAS 1.
d) Bases of measurement
The Stand-Alone Financial Statements were prepared at historical cost, save for some categories of tangible non-current assets that are measured at fair value, as presented in the accounting policies (see Note 3c). Other financial assets and liabilities, such as non-financial assets and liabilities are presented at amortized cost, revalued value or historical cost.
e) Functional and presentation currency
The Stand-Alone Financial Statements are presented in Romanian LEI ("RON" or "LEU"), as this is also the functional currency of the Company. All financial information is presented in RON, unless otherwise indicated.
S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A.
Notes to the Stand-Alone Financial Statements for the financial year ended as at 31 December 2022
(All amounts are expressed in RON, unless otherwise expressly provided for)
Notes 1 to 33 are an integral part of these individual financial statements.
10
2. THE BASES OF DRAFTING THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUATION)
f) Use of estimates and judgments
Preparation of the Stand-Alone Financial Statements in accordance with the IFRS adopted by the European Union requires the management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect application of the accounting policies, as well as the reported value of assets, liabilities, income and expenditure, the estimated lifetimes of non-current assets (see Note 3c), the assumptions used to determine the fair value (see Note 4), the assumptions used to determine the fair value of tangible non-current assets (see Note 5), the recognition of spare parts that meet the required conditions of IAS 16 as tangible non- current assets (see Note 5), the recoverability of trade receivables (see Note 12), the assumptions applied for the net recoverable value of inventories (see Note 11), the assumptions applied to calculate the liabilities related to employee benefits (see Note 22), the assumptions applied for the time for restatement of governmental subsidies in the profit and loss statement (see Note 3q and Note 20), and the estimates concerning the radioactive and non-radioactive waste management obligations (Note 19).
Judgments and assumptions related to such estimates are based on the historical experience as well as other factors considered to be reasonable in the context of such estimates. Results of such estimates form the basis of judgments relating to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities which cannot be obtained from other information sources. Results obtained could be different from the estimates values.
Judgements and assumptions underpinning them are revised on a regular basis. Revisions of the accounting estimates are recognized during the period in which the estimate is revised, if such revision only affects that period, or during the period when the estimated is revised, and the future period, where revision affects both the current, and future periods.
The management’s judgments in application of the IFRSs that have a significant impact on the financial statements, as well as the estimates that imply a significant risk of a material adjustment during the next year are shown in Note 4 and 30.
S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A.
Notes to the Stand-Alone Financial Statements for the financial year ended as at 31 December 2022
(All amounts are expressed in RON, unless otherwise expressly provided for)
Notes 1 to 33 are an integral part of these individual financial statements.
11
3. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
a) Transactions in foreign currency
Transactions in foreign currency are converted into RON at the exchange rates on the transaction date. Monetary assets and liabilities, expressed in foreign currency at the end of the year, are expressed in RON at the exchange rate displayed by the National Bank of Romania as valid for the last banking day of the year. Gains and losses from exchange rate differences, either realized or unrealized, are included in the profit and loss statement of that year. The exchange rates as at 31 December 2022 and 31 December 2021, for the key currencies used by the Company in transactions, are as follows:
Average rate
Exchange rate as at
2022
2021
31 December 2022
31 December 2021
RON/EUR
4.9315
4.9204
4.9474
4.9481
RON/USD
4.6885
4.1604
4.6346
4.3707
RON/CAD
3.6020
3.3192
3.4232
3.4344
RON/GBP
5.7867
5.7233
5.5878
5.8994
RON/CHF
4.9096
4.5516
5.0289
4.7884
Non-monetary assets and liabilities expressed in a foreign currency, that are measured at fair value, are converted into the functional currency at the exchange rate valid on the fair value determination date. The non-monetary items measured at historical cost in a foreign currency are converted applying the exchange rate on the transaction date.
b) Adjustment of hyperinflation’s effects
In accordance with IAS 29, the financial statements of an entity the functional currency of which is the currency of a hyperinflationary economy must be presented in the current measurement unit on the end date of the reporting period (non- monetary items are restated applying a general price index on the date of the acquisition or contribution).
According to IAS 29, an economy is deemed to be hyperinflationary when, among other factors, the cumulative inflation rate over a 3-year period is higher than 100%. The continuous fall in the inflation rate and other factors related to the characteristics of the Romanian economic environment point out that the economy the functional currency of which was adopted by the Company has ceased to be hyperinflationary, with effects on the financial periods starting with 1 January 2004. Therefore, the provisions of IAS 29 were adopted in preparation of the financial statements before 31 December 2003.
c) Tangible non-current assets
Recognition and measurement
Tangible non-current assets recognized as assets are initially measured at cost. The cost of an item of tangible non-current assets is formed of the purchase price, including any non-recoverable charges, having first deducted any trade price discounts and other costs that can be directly charged to bringing that asset to site and conditions needed for its operation as envisaged by the management, such as: employee costs resulting directly from construction or acquisition of that asset, site arrangement costs, initial delivery and handling costs, installation and assembly costs, professional fees.
Tangible non-current assets are classified by the Company in the following classes of assets, of the same nature and with similar uses:
- Lands;
- Buildings;
- Equipment, technical plant and machinery;
- Means of transport;
- Furniture and other tangible non-current assets.
3. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUATION)
S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A.
Notes to the Stand-Alone Financial Statements for the financial year ended as at 31 December 2022
(All amounts are expressed in RON, unless otherwise expressly provided for)
Notes 1 to 33 are an integral part of these individual financial statements.
12
c) Tangible non-current assets (continuation)
Recognition and measurement (continuation)
Tangible non-current assets, except for land and buildings, are shown at cost, less the accumulated depreciation and write- down adjustment. Land and structures are valued separately at fair value. Thus:
Land, special structures, administrative buildings and other buildings, including nuclear power plants, are show at revalued amount. On the date of shifting to IFRS, these were measured using the deemed cost method. Thus, the revaluation surplus, booked by the Company according to the Order of the Minister of Public Finance no. 3055/2009 until 1 January 2012, was transferred to retained earnings, in a distinct analytical account. The revaluation reserves after the date of shifting to IFRS, further to remeasurements, are shown as such in the financial statements. The revaluation surplus, from before the shift to IFRS, and afterwards, is made as the tangible non-current assets are depreciated or at disposal.
Machinery, equipment and other assets (save for special structures, administrative buildings and other buildings, including nuclear power plants) are show at historical cost, less any accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses.
Non-current assets in progress are booked at historical acquisition or construction cost or at inflated cost (restated depending on the measurement unit existing on 31 December 2003 for the non-current assets purchased before 1 January 2004), less any accumulated impairment losses.
The structures and heavy water to be used in expansion of the production capacity are included in the non-current assets in progress; since heavy water is not used and does not chemically depreciate, it is initially and subsequently measured at cost.
Units 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 were considered one single project, and before 1990, the costs incurred were booked separately for each unit. In 1991, the Company operated a cost allocation for each Unit. This allocation is the cost base of the non-current assets included in tangible non-current assets in progress.
Items, such as spare parts, spare equipment and maintenance equipment are recognized as tangible non-current assets according to IAS 16, when they meet the definition of the tangible non-current assets. All other spare parts are recognized as inventories.
The fair value was determined based on measurements made by independent external valuers, using the market value and net replacement cost methods, less the accumulated depreciation and the accumulated impairment losses, if any.
Revaluations shall be made with sufficient regularity to ensure that the carrying amount does not differ materially from that which would be determined using fair value at the end of the reporting period.
The last revaluation of lands and buildings was made on 31 December 2021 by the independent valuer (Primoval S.R.L., a member of the National Association of Authorized Romanian Valuers - ANEVAR). Prior to such revaluation, lands and buildings were revalued as at 31 December 2018.
If an asset's carrying amount is increased as a result of a revaluation, the increase shall be credited directly to equity under the heading “Revaluation surplus”; however, the increase shall be recognized in profit or loss to the extent that it reverses a revaluation decrease of the same asset previously recognized in profit or loss.
S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A.
Notes to the Stand-Alone Financial Statements for the financial year ended as at 31 December 2022
(All amounts are expressed in RON, unless otherwise expressly provided for)
Notes 1 to 33 are an integral part of these individual financial statements.
13
3. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUATION)
c) Tangible non-current assets (continuation)
Recognition and measurement (continuation)
If an asset's carrying amount is decreased as a result of a revaluation, the decrease shall be recognized in profit or loss; however, the decrease shall be debited directly to equity under the heading of revaluation surplus to the extent of any credit balance existing in the revaluation surplus in respect of that asset. The decrease recognized in other comprehensive income reduces the amount accumulated in equity under the heading of “Revaluation Surplus”.
Subsequent expenditure
As a rule, subsequent expenditure expenses related to a tangible non-current asset are expensed during the period in which these were incurred. Those subsequent expenditure or investments made on tangible non-current assets to improve their initial technical parameters and leading to future economic benefits, additional above those initially estimated, are recognized and capitalized as an asset item. Benefits can be obtained either directly by increasing revenues, or indirectly by reducing the maintenance and operating expenditure.
In order to apply the provisions of the international accounting standard IAS 16 “Tangible Assets”, the regular major inspections carried out at Cernavodă NPP are capitalized under tangible non-current assets, and are subsequently straight- line depreciated over a period of 2 years. The regular major inspections concern mainly the same components of the Units, so the depreciation period considered is the 2-year period between two regular general inspections conducted mainly on the same components, i.e., they substitute one another. The latest overhauls carried out were: for Unit 2 in 2021, and for Unit 1 in 2022.
Repairs and current maintenance costs are expenses as they occur.
Depreciation
Depreciation of tangible non-current assets is calculated based on a depreciation plan, since their commissioning date and until full recovery of their input value, according to the useful lifetimes and their usage conditions.
The Company's management estimate that the lifetimes of the plant, property and equipment covered by the Government Decision no. 2139/2004 approving the Catalogue for classification and normal operation periods of plant, property and equipment match the useful operation periods and conditions of use applicable to the tangible non-current assets owned by the Company.
Depreciation of buildings takes place on the basis of equal annual rates in order to depreciate their revalued amount over their remaining lifetime. Depreciation of other tangible non-current assets is booked based on the straight-line method, over their estimated useful life, as follows:
Asset
Number of years
Nuclear plant - Units 1 and 2
30
Heavy water (loading for Units 1 and 2)
30
Buildings
45 – 50
Inspections and overhauls
2
Other plants, equipment and machinery
3 - 20
Land is not subject to depreciation because is considered to have an undefined lifetime.
Tangible non-current assets in progress are not depreciated before they are put into use.
S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A.
Notes to the Stand-Alone Financial Statements for the financial year ended as at 31 December 2022
(All amounts are expressed in RON, unless otherwise expressly provided for)
Notes 1 to 33 are an integral part of these individual financial statements.
14
3. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUATION)
c) Tangible non-current assets (continuation)
Depreciation (continuation)
The estimated lifetimes of Units 1 and 2, i.e., 30 years, take into account a number of projected operation hours per Unit of 210,000 hours, equivalent to a capacity factor of 80% over a period of 30 years. Before 31 December 2022, the cumulative capacity factor attained since commissioning of Unit 1 is 81.42%, and 98.60% for Unit 2, which is higher than the designed capacity factor of 80%. Using these capacity factors extrapolated to the same value for the remaining lifetime, it would follow that the estimated effective lifetime of the units will be 26.4 years for Unit 1 and 25.4 years for Unit 2; however, this is a simplistic straight-line extrapolation, as it is expected that the average capacity factor achieved so far for both units gradually decreases until the end of the initial lifetime due to the fuel canal creeping, hence to the inherent wear of the units.
The operating experience of other CANDU-type nuclear power plants that have reached the number of designed operating hours indicates shows that it is possible to extend the number of initial operating hours beyond the number of designed hours of 210,000 hours. The Company contracted specialty technical assistance services in order to determine the possibility of extending the number of designed hours of operation for Unit 1. The survey carried out concluded with a work plan listing the analyses and assessment due to be performed to prove the functionality of Unit 1 of Cernavodă NPP up to 245,000 effective hours of operation. These analyses and assessment will substantiate the renewal of the operation permit for Unit 1.
The Company's management are confident that they can successfully extend the number of operation hours for Unit 1 above the designed 210,000 hours of operation, which could ensure operation of Unit 1 until 2026 and therefore maintain the remaining estimated lifetime span, given the estimated lifetime of the first operation cycle of 30 years.
By extrapolating this reasoning and taking into account the remaining lifetime of Unit 2, added to the capacity factor of Unit 2 in the upcoming period, related also to the lifecycle of Unit 2, the estimated life is maintained for Unit 2, too. The estimated residual values, for both units, are zero, considering the challenges attached to the refurbishment of the units after their initial lifetime, which allow extending it by another 25 years after refurbishment.
Depending on the actual results concerning the extension of the initial lifetime of Unit 1 beyond the number of design operation hours, the lifetime estimates for both units could be revised in the following financial years.
Buildings and other plants, machinery and equipment are presented in Note 5 under the heading “Machinery, Equipment and Other Assets". The general inspections and overhauls, capitalized in accordance with IAS 16, are presented in Note 5 and are reflected in the carrying amount of "Nuclear Power Plants". Heavy water (loading for Units 1 and 2) was reclassified as of 31 December 2019 under the item “Nuclear Power Plants”.
When the items of a tangible non-current asset have different lifetimes, they are booked as stand-alone items (major components) of an asset. The asset depreciation methods, useful lifetimes and residual value are revised and adjusted, as necessary, at each reporting date.
The carrying amount of the asset is adjusted to the recoverable amount when the carrying amount is higher than the estimated recoverable amount.
The profit and loss from sales are determined by the difference between the revenues obtained from the sale of the asset and its carrying amount, and are recognized as operating revenues or operating expenditure through profit and loss.
S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A.
Notes to the Stand-Alone Financial Statements for the financial year ended as at 31 December 2022
(All amounts are expressed in RON, unless otherwise expressly provided for)
Notes 1 to 33 are an integral part of these individual financial statements.
15
3. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUATION)
c) Tangible non-current assets (continuation)
Depreciation (continuation)
The cost of loans contracted specifically for the construction of a tangible non-current asset is capitalized under that asset’s cost until the date when the activities needed for preparation of the asset for its envisaged use or for sale are carried out.
Sale/retirement of tangible non-current assets
The items of tangible non-current assets that are retired or sold are removed from the statement of the financial position, together with their respective accumulated depreciation. Any profit or loss resulting from such an operation is included in the current profit or loss.
d) Non-current assets held for sale
Non-current assets are classified as held for sale when their carrying amounts are to be recovered primarily through a sale transaction rather than through continued use. Thus, an asset can be classified as held for sale according to IFRS 5 only if the following criteria are met:
- The asset is readily available for sale in its current condition,
- The sale of this asset is very likely.
All criteria listed below must be met for the sale to be highly likely:
- A sale plan was assumed at the appropriate management level;
- An active programme was initiated to find a buyer and realize the plan;
- The asset is actively marketed at a reasonable price given its current fair value;
- No material changes or withdrawal of the plan are likely;
- It is expected that the sale will meet the derecognition criteria in order to be qualified as sale during one year.
Measurement before classification as held for sale
As a first step, immediately prior to initial classification of an asset as held for sale, the carrying amount of that asset is be measured according to the applicable IFRS standards (e.g. property, production units and equipment are measured according to IAS 16), including any cumulative impairment and any write-down in the balance-sheet, if any. This first step applies to a newly-acquired asset, as well as an existing asset that will be reclassified as held for sale under this policy.
Measurement at initial classification as held for sale
At initial classification as held for sale, the individual asset identified as held for sale is measured at the lower of:
- its carrying amount, and
- its fair value, less the costs to sell.
When the fair value less the costs to sell is higher than the asset’s carrying amount, no adjustment is necessary. Otherwise, an impairment loss resulting from this initial measurement is booked directly in the profit and loss statement, and value of the non-current asset is adjusted accordingly.
Subsequent measurement
At subsequent measurement, the non-current asset held for sale is measured at the lower of the value carried forward and the fair value less the costs to sell.
Non-current assets held for sale are not depreciated.
S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A.
Notes to the Stand-Alone Financial Statements for the financial year ended as at 31 December 2022
(All amounts are expressed in RON, unless otherwise expressly provided for)
Notes 1 to 33 are an integral part of these individual financial statements.
16
3. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUATION)
d) . Non-current assets held for sale (continuation)
Recognition of impairment losses and reversals
Any initial or subsequent write-down of the asset (or disposal group) to fair value less costs to sell is recognized as impairment loss.
The subsequent increase in fair value less costs to sell of an asset is recognized as gain, but not in excess of the cumulative impairment loss that has been recognized either in accordance with IFRS 5 or previously in accordance with IAS 36 “Impairment of Assets”.
Derecognition
If the classification criteria for an asset or disposal group held for sale are no longer met, that asset or disposal group will no longer be classified as held for sale.
A non-current asset which is no longer classified as held for sale is measured at the lower of:
- the amount carried forward before classification as held for sale, as adjusted for any impairment, depreciation/amortization or remeasurement needed if the asset or group intended for disposal would not have been classified as held for sale; and
- the recoverable amount on the date of the decision not to sell.
e) Leasing
(i) Recognition
As of 1 January 2019, under IFRS 16 “Leases”, a contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration.
As lessee under the lease agreement for the space used as headquarters, the Company recognized an asset related to the right to use the underlying asset and a lease liability arises under the same agreement.
As lessor, the financial statements are not unaffected by introduction of the new standard.
Exclusions from application of IFRS 16:
• leases with a lease period of 12 months or less, which do not provide for any purchase options, and
• leases, where the underlying asset is of a lower amount.
The Company found that the exclusion criteria were not met and, consequently, restated the leases as a lessee, according to IFRS 16. The Company concluded lease agreements for assets and liabilities and concession contracts for lands, for which it was estimated the initial value of the asset related to the right to use at a value equal to the debt discounted upon transaction, arising from such agreements.
(ii) Measurement
The Company, as lessee, initially measures the ROU assets at cost. The cost of the ROU asset consists of the value of the amount of the initial measurement of the liability arising from the lease, the lease payments made from 1 January 2019 (the effective date of IFRS 16), or at the start date or before this date, the initial direct costs borne by the lessee, an estimate of the costs to be borne by the lessee, minus any lease incentives received.
The Company, as lessee, values also the liability arising from the lease at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid to that date. The discounting is done using the default interest under the lease agreement, provided that this rate can be readily determined. If that rate cannot be readily determined, the lessee’s incremental borrowing rate is used.
S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A.
Notes to the Stand-Alone Financial Statements for the financial year ended as at 31 December 2022
(All amounts are expressed in RON, unless otherwise expressly provided for)
Notes 1 to 33 are an integral part of these individual financial statements.
17
3. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUATION)
e) . Leasing (continuation)
(ii) .. Measurement (continuation)
The carrying amount of the asset measured on the cost-based model represents the cost of the initial measurement, less any accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses, and adjusted for to any remeasurements of the liability arising from the leasing agreement.
(iii) Depreciation
The underlying asset is depreciated using the straight-line method. Where ownership is not transferred or there is no purchase option on the underlying asset until the end of its term, the asset is depreciated starting with the effective date of the lease, and until the first of the end of the useful life and the end of the term of the lease that also provides for renewal or termination options.
(iv) Lease liability
At initial recognition of the lease liability, the present value of the lease payments includes fixed payments less any lease incentives receivable, as well as variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate, initially measured using the index or rate as at the commencement date (e.g. consumer price index).
The present value of the lease payments that are not paid on the recognition date is determined for the entire term of a leasing agreement, taking into account the periods covered by the agreement renewal options, if the Company has reasonable certainty that it will exercise that option, and the periods covered by agreement termination options, if the Company has reasonable certainty that it will not exercise that option.
The cost of utilities does not pose a liability component arising by the lease, and is recognized in profit or loss as invoices are issued.
The liability arising from the lease is subsequently measured by increasing the carrying amount to reflect interest on the lease liability, reducing the carrying amount to reflect the lease payments made, and remeasuring the carrying amount to reflect any reassessment or lease modification (such as, in the term of the contract, the lease payments, the asset purchase options, the interest rate, or the contract termination terms).
(v) Derecognition
The Right of Use (ROU) asset use is derecognized at expiry or termination of the contract and is reflected by reducing the carrying amount of the ROU asset and recognizing the gains/losses from lease modification in profit or loss.
Amendment to IFRS 16, "Leases" - Covid-19-Related Rent Concessions
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, financial leases may sustain changes, i.e., lessors may grant concessions. Such concessions could take a variety of forms, including grace periods for rent payment, and deferring lease payments. As at 28 May 2020, IASB published an amendment to IFRS 16 to provide a practical optional tool for lessees to assess whether such Covid-19 rent-related concessions qualifies as lease modification. Lessee can choose to account such rent-related concessions in the same way as if no rent changes occurred. In many cases, this will lead to entering the concession as variable lease payments in accounts, during the period(s) when the event or condition triggering the reduced payment occurs. This amendment was extended for another year, until 30 June 2022.
Neither in 2021, nor in 2022, the Company did not obtain any concessions from lessors; therefore, no changes to leases and implicitly to the accounting treatments applied thereto in accordance with the provisions of IFRS 16 were booked.
S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A.
Notes to the Stand-Alone Financial Statements for the financial year ended as at 31 December 2022
(All amounts are expressed in RON, unless otherwise expressly provided for)
Notes 1 to 33 are an integral part of these individual financial statements.
18
3. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUATION)
f) Intangible non-current assets
Intangible non-current assets are mainly represented by software and licenses. These are shown at historical cost less accumulated amortization and write-down adjustment.
Research and development
The cost of research conducted to gain new scientific or technical knowledge or interpretations is recognized in profit or loss as it is incurred.
Development activities involve a plan or project aimed at new or substantially improved products or processes. Development costs are capitalized only if they can be reliably measures, the product or process is technically and commercially feasible, the future economic benefits are likely, and the Company intends, and has sufficient resources, to complete the development and use or sell the asset. Capitalized expenses include the cost of materials, direct personnel costs and administrative costs that are directly attributable the preparation of the asset for its intended use, and the capitalized borrowing costs. Other development costs are recognized in profit or loss as they are incurred.
The capitalized development costs are measured at cost less the accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses.
Subsequent expenditure
Subsequent expenditure with intangible non-current assets is capitalized only when they increase the future economic benefits of the asset they refer to. All other costs are recognized in the stand-alone statement of profit or loss as they are incurred.
Depreciation
Depreciation is entered in the stand-alone statement of profit or loss based on the straight-line method, over their estimated useful life of the intangible non-current assets. Intangible non-current assets are amortized as of the date when the asset is ready for use, its useful life being then determined depending on the period during which the asset can be used.
The Company holds intangible non-current assets from acquisitions, and not generated internally. The useful lives are determined according to the period during which the asset can be used, for a defined time between 2 and 8 years. Windows licenses, MS Office and software programs have a useful life set between 2 and 3 years, and computer programs specific to operation of the nuclear power plant have a useful life between 5 and 8 years. The Company does not hold any intangible non-current assets purchased from governmental subsidies.
g) Financial assets and liabilities
Classification
The Company adopted IFRS 9 “Financial Instruments”.
This standard replaced IAS 39 “Financial Instruments: recognition and measurement" as to classification and measurement of financial assets and replaces the model applied to estimate the adjustments for impairment of financial assets within a model based on expected losses.
IFRS 9 contains a new approach to classification and measurement of financial assets that reflects the business model under which assets are managed and the characteristics of the cash-flow.
IFRS 9 lists three main classification categories for financial assets: measured at amortized costs, measured at fair value through other comprehensive income, and measured at fair value through profit or loss.
S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A.
Notes to the Stand-Alone Financial Statements for the financial year ended as at 31 December 2022
(All amounts are expressed in RON, unless otherwise expressly provided for)
Notes 1 to 33 are an integral part of these individual financial statements.
19
3. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUATION)
g) Financial assets and liabilities (continuation)
Classification (continuation)
The Company classifies the financial instruments held in the following categories:
Financial assets measured at amortized cost
A financial asset shall be measured at amortized cost if it means both of the following conditions and is not designated at measured at fair value through profit or loss:
- is held within a business model whose objective is maintain assets for collection of contractual cash flows; and
- its contractual terms give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.
The standard takes over the provisions of IAS 39 about recognition and derecognition of financial instruments.
As at 31 December 2022 and 2021, the Company holds financial assets measured at amortized cost.
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income
A financial asset shall be measured at fair value through other comprehensive income only if both of the following conditions are met and is not designated at fair value through profit or loss:
- is held in a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets; and
- its contractual terms give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.
Moreover, at initial recognition of an investment in equity instruments that is not held for trading, the Company can make an irrevocable election to present in other comprehensive income changes in the fair value. These options apply to each instrument, as the case may be.
As at 31 December 2022 and 2021, the Company does not hold any financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income.
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
All financial assets which are not qualified as measured at amortized costs or at fair value by other comprehensive income will be measured at fair value through profit or loss. Moreover, at initial recognition, the Company may irrevocably designate a financial asset, which otherwise meets the requirements to be measured at amortized cost or at fair value through other comprehensive income, to be measured at fair value through profit or loss, when this removes or significantly reduces an accounting inconsistency that would appear in any other approach.
As at 31 December 2022 and 2021, the Company does not hold any financial assets at fair value through profit or loss.
Recognition
Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognized on the date when the Company becomes a contractual party to the terms of that instrument. Financial assets and liabilities are measured when they are initially recognized at fair value.
Offsets
Financial assets and liabilities are offset, and the net result is presented in the statement of the financial position only when there is a legal right to offset and if there is an intention to settle them on a net basis or if the intention is to realize the asset and pay off the debt at the same time.
Income and expenditure are presented net only when this is permitted under the accounting standards, or for the profit and loss resulting from a group of similar transactions, such as those from the Company's trading activity.
S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A.
Notes to the Stand-Alone Financial Statements for the financial year ended as at 31 December 2022
(All amounts are expressed in RON, unless otherwise expressly provided for)
Notes 1 to 33 are an integral part of these individual financial statements.
20
3. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUATION)
g) Financial assets and liabilities (continuation)
Measurement
Measurement at amortized cost
The amortized cost of a financial asset or liability represents the measured amount of that financial asset or liability after initial recognition, less the principal payments, plus or minus the accumulated amortization up to that time, using the effective interest method, less any reductions related to impairment losses.
Fair value measurement
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between the main market participants at the measurement date, or in absence of such a main market, on the more advantageous market the Company has then access to.
The Company measures the fair value of a financial instrument using quoted prices on an active market for that instrument. A financial instrument has an active market if quoted prices are readily and regularly available for that instrument. The market price used to determine the fair value is the closing market price of the last trading day before the measurement date.
In the absence of a price quotation on an active market, the Company applies valuation techniques based on the discounted cash flow analysis and other valuation methods commonly used by market participants, making maximum use of the market information, and relying as little as possible on the company-specific information. The Company uses valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable data and minimize the use of unobservable data.
Identification and measurement of write-downs
Financial assets measured at amortized cost
The expected credit loss represents the difference between all the contractual cash flows that are owed to the Company and all the cash flows that the Company expects to receive, discounted at the initial effective interest rate.
A financial asset or a group of financial assets is credit-impaired when one or more events that have a detrimental impact on the estimated future cash flows of that financial asset have occurred.
The Company assesses whether the credit risk for a financial asset has increased significantly since initial recognition based on the information available, without undue costs or efforts, which is an indicator of significant increases in credit risk since initial recognition.
The Company recognizes in profit or loss the amount of the changes in expected credit losses over the entire lifetime of the financial assets, as a gain or loss from impairment.
The gain or loss from impairment is determined as the difference between the carrying amount of the financial asset and the discounted amount of the future cash flows, using the effective interest rate of the financial asset at the initial time.
The Company recognizes the favourable changes in lifetime expected credit losses as an impairment gain, even if the lifetime expected credit losses are less than the amount of expected credit losses that were included in the estimated cash flows on initial recognition.
Derecognition
The Company derecognizes a financial asset when the rights to receive cash flows from that financial asset expire, or when the Company has transferred the rights to receive the contractual cash flows related to that financial asset in a transaction where it transferred substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership.
The Company derecognizes a financial liability when the contractual obligations came to an end, or there are annulled or expired.
S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A.
Notes to the Stand-Alone Financial Statements for the financial year ended as at 31 December 2022
(All amounts are expressed in RON, unless otherwise expressly provided for)
Notes 1 to 33 are an integral part of these individual financial statements.
21
3. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUATION)
g) Financial assets and liabilities (continuation)
Gains and losses from disposal
The gain and loss from disposal of a financial asset or a financial liability measured at fair value through profit or loss is recognized in the current profit or loss.
When derecognizing the equity instruments designated in the category of financial assets measured at fair value through other comprehensive income, the gains or losses representing favourable or unfavourable measurement differences, as highlighted in the revaluation reserves, are recognized in other comprehensive income (retained earnings representing realized surplus - IFRS 9).
When financial assets are derecognized, the retained earnings from of the date of shifting to IFRS 9 is transferred into retain earnings representing the realized surplus.
The gain and loss from disposal of a financial asset that is measured at amortized cost is recognized in the current profit or loss when the asset is derecognized.
h) Other financial assets and liabilities
Other financial assets and liabilities are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method, minus any impairment losses.
i) Investments in subsidiaries
Subsidiaries are entities under the control of the Company. Control exists when the Company has the power to direct, either directly or indirectly, the financial and operational policies of an entity in order to obtain benefits from its business. When assessing the control, consideration is given also to the potential or convertible voting rights that are then exercisable.
The Company measures its investments in subsidiaries at cost in accordance with the provisions of IAS 27 "Separate Financial Statements".
The subsidiaries controlled by the Company as owned 100% are presented in Note 9.
j) Impairment of non-financial assets
The carrying amount of the Company's non-financial assets, other than deferred tax assets, is revised at each reporting date for impairment indications. Where there are such indications, the recoverable amount of those assets is estimated.
An impairment loss is recognized when the carrying amount of the asset or its cash-generating unit exceeds the recoverable amount of the asset or its cash-generating unit. A cash-generating unit is the smallest identifiable group that generates cash independently of other assets and groups of assets. Impairment losses are recognized in the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income.
The recoverable amount of an asset or a cash-generating unit is the maximum of its value in use and its fair value, less the costs of sale of that asset or unit. To determine the value in use, the future cash flows are discounted applying a discounting rated before taxes that reflects the current market conditions and the asset-specific risks.
Impairment losses recognized in previous periods are measured at each reporting date to determine whether they have decreased or no longer exist. The impairment loss is restated if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recovery value. The impairment loss is restated only if the carrying amount of the asset does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been calculated, net of amortization and impairment, had the impairment loss not been recognized.
S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A.
Notes to the Stand-Alone Financial Statements for the financial year ended as at 31 December 2022
(All amounts are expressed in RON, unless otherwise expressly provided for)
Notes 1 to 33 are an integral part of these individual financial statements.
22
3. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUATION)
k) Inventories
Inventories consist of consumables, spare parts that do not meet the criteria to be recognized as tangible non-current assets, safety inventories, uranium and other stock needed for the Company's activity. They are booked as inventories at the time of purchase and are expensed as they are used.
Inventories are measured at the lowest of cost and net realizable amount. The net realizable value is the sale price estimated to be obtained during the normal pursuit of business, less the costs estimated for completion and the costs required for sale.
The inventories booked by the Company include:
- nuclear fuel raw material, regardless of the form in which they are found in the production cycle of nuclear fuel bundles;
- other raw materials and materials.
The cost of raw materials for nuclear fuel and production in progress includes direct costs, such as raw materials, directly attributable salary costs and various production-specific services. The discharge of management for nuclear fuel takes place depending on the component that make up this stock item (uranium, zircaloy, production costs) as the nuclear fuel bundles are loaded into the reactor. The discharge of management is done at weighted average cost (WAC).
Under IAS 2 "Inventories", the cost of inventory outflows must be determined using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method or the weighted average cost (WAC) method. Before and on 31 December 2015, the Company used to apply the FIFO method.
The Company management review on inventories found that application of the WAC method would produce more reliable results for the users of the annual accounts. In this context, effective 1 January 2016, the accounting policy applied to determine the cost for inventory outflows was changed from FIFO into WAC.
In accordance with the requirements for amendment of accounting policies under IAS 8 “Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors”, the Company’s management considers that the WAC method leads to financial statements that are more relevant and reliable for the business decision-making needs of their users, as it can be seen from the review of the two methods below:
The FIFO method assumes that the outflows are measured at the acquisition or production cost of the first entry. For older inventories and when prices rise, this method does not produce the most reliable picture of the comprehensive income.
The WAC method requires calculation of each item based on the weighted average of the costs of similar inventory items at the beginning of the period and of those purchased during the period.
The Company is unable to retroactively apply the amendment to this accounting policy, in accordance with the requirements of IAS 8, because the effects of such retroactive application cannot be determined as the cumulative impact on all previous periods cannot be calculated. Therefore, the Company prospectively applies the new policy effective 1 January 2016.
S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A.
Notes to the Stand-Alone Financial Statements for the financial year ended as at 31 December 2022
(All amounts are expressed in RON, unless otherwise expressly provided for)
Notes 1 to 33 are an integral part of these individual financial statements.
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3. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUATION)
l) Trade receivables
Trade receivables are initially book at their invoiced value and are later measured using the effective interest method, minus the amount of the impairment losses. An adjustment for impairment is operated when there is clear evidence that the Company will not be able to collect the receivables on the set due date. The debtor's significant financial difficulties, the likelihood that they enter bankruptcy or financial reorganization, the payment delays (by more than 360 days) are considered indications that these receivables might require value adjustments.
An impairment loss related to a financial asset measured at amortized cost is calculated as the difference between its carrying amount and the present value of the expected future cash flows, as discounted using the asset’s initial effective interest rate. The carrying amount is reduced by using a depreciation adjustment account, and the loss is booked in the profit and loss statement under "Other operating expenditure".
m) Cash and cash equivalents
The heading "Cash and Cash Equivalents" includes cash at hand, current accounts and bank deposits without commitments, which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in fair value. Bank deposits without commitments are understood by the Company as usual bank deposits, the Company has access to at any time, regardless of their initial maturity and whose liquidation before maturity, in case of occurrence making this necessary, does not cause losses.
The heading "Bank Deposits" in the statement of financial position refers to those bank deposits that have an initial maturity between 3 and 12 months, but that have an attached commitment, i.e., they represent collateral deposits related to letters of bank guarantee issued by banks on behalf of the Company, in favour of customers.
The heading "Financial Assets Measured at Amortized Cost" from the statement of financial position also includes collateral deposits related to the aforementioned letters of guarantee, but with a maturity greater than 12 months.
n) Share capital
The share capital represents all the shares subscribed and paid by the shareholders of the Company. Share capital is entered distinctly in accounts, based on the incorporation documents and supporting documents concerning capital payments.
The capital increase is carried out by subscription and issue of new shares, incorporation of reserves and other operations, according to the law. The capital decrease is mainly operated by reducing the number of shares or decreasing their nominal value due to withdrawal of shareholders, the coverage of accounting losses from previous years or other operations, according to the law.
Writing off an asset that had been brought up as contribution to the share capital does not change the share capital. In all cases of share capital modification, this is done under a decision of the General Meeting of Shareholders. Gains or losses related to issue or cancellation of shares are not recognized in the profit and loss statement. The consideration received or paid in such transactions is recognized directly in equity.
o) Legal reserve
Statutory reserves account for 5% of the gross profit at the end of the year, until the statutory reserves reach 20% of the nominal share capital subscribed and paid-up, in accordance with the legal provisions. These reserves are deductible in calculation of the corporate tax in the amount provided by the Tax Code and are only distributable at the Company’s liquidation. The statutory reserve is distributed on the balance-sheet date. The statutory reserve can be found under the heading "Retained Earnings".
p) Reserve paid in advance
The reserve paid in advance represents the contributions brought up in cash by the Company's shareholders for a future issue of shares by the Company. The contributed amounts are entered in the credit of the reserve paid in advance, when there is no possibility that such advance payments are returned, and the Company's obligation is only to issue a fixed number of shares.
S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A.
Notes to the Stand-Alone Financial Statements for the financial year ended as at 31 December 2022
(All amounts are expressed in RON, unless otherwise expressly provided for)
Notes 1 to 33 are an integral part of these individual financial statements.
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3. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUATION)
q) Government grants
The Company recognizes the governmental subsidies in accordance with the provisions of IAS 20 Accounting for government grants and disclosure of government assistance.
Government grants are “assistance by government in the form of transfers of resources to an entity in return for past or future compliance with certain conditions relating to the operating activities of the entity. Subsidies exclude those forms of government assistance which cannot reasonably have a value placed upon them and transactions with government which cannot be distinguished from the normal business transactions of the entity”.
IAS 20 distinguishes between two types of grants/subsidies: those concerning assets, called investment subsidies, and those concerning revenues.
Grants related to assets are “government grants whose primary condition is that an entity qualifying for them should purchase, construct or otherwise acquire long-term assets. Subsidiary conditions may also be attached restricting the type or location of the assets or the periods during which they are to be acquired or held”.
The revenues subsidies are “governmental subsidies different from those related to assets”.
Accounting of governmental subsidies can be done according to one of the following two approaches: the capital-based approach, where a subsidy is recognized outside profit or loss, and the income-based approach, where the subsidy is entered in the profit and loss statement during one or more years.
r) Employee benefits
(i) Defined benefit plans
A defined benefit plan is a post-employment benefit plan, other than a defined contribution plan. The Company's net liabilities under the defined benefit plans are calculated separately for each plan, estimating the amount of the future benefits that employees have obtained in exchange for the services rendered in the current and periods; these benefits are discounted to present value. Both any unrecognized costs of past service and the fair value of the benefit plan’s assets are deducted.
This calculation is done annually by a qualified actuary, using the projected unit credit method. When the calculation returns a benefit for the Company, the recognized asset is limited to the total of the unrecognized costs of previous services and the present value of the economic benefits available in the form of future reimbursements under the plan or reductions in future contributions. To calculate the present value of the economic benefits, all the minimum funding requirements applicable to any plan within the Company are taken into account. An economic benefit is available to the Company when this is realizable during the lifetime of the plan or at the settlement of the plan's liabilities.
When the benefits of a plan are supplemented, the share of the additional benefit related to the services previously provided by the employees is recognized in the profit or loss statement using the straight-line method, over the average period of time until the benefits take effect. When benefits take effect immediately, the expenditure is recognized immediately in the profit or loss statement.
The Company immediately recognizes all actuarial gains and losses from defined benefit plans as other comprehensive income and all expenditure related to the defined benefit plans in profit or loss.
The Company recognizes the gains or losses related to reduction or settlement of a defined benefit plan when the reduction or settlement concerned actually takes place.
The gains or losses arising from a reduction or settlement must include any resulting change in the present value of the defined benefit liability, any resulting change in the fair value of the plan’s assets, any related actuarial gains or losses, and any related cost of past service that had not been previously recognized.
S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A.
Notes to the Stand-Alone Financial Statements for the financial year ended as at 31 December 2022
(All amounts are expressed in RON, unless otherwise expressly provided for)
Notes 1 to 33 are an integral part of these individual financial statements.
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3. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUATION)
r) Employee benefits (continuation)
(ii) Other long-term employee benefits
The Company's net liability as to the long-term benefits granted to employees is the amount of the future benefits that the employees have earned in exchange for the services rendered in the current and previous periods. This benefit is discounted to determine its fair value, and the fair value of any related asset is deducted. These benefits are estimated using the projected unit credit method. Any actuarial gains or losses are recognized in the profit or loss during the period when they occur.
(iii) Short-term employee benefits
The liabilities for short-term benefits are measured without being discounted and are expensed as the services are rendered. A provision is recognized at the amount estimated to be paid for short-term benefits in the form of bonuses or employee profit sharing, only when the Company has a present, legal or implicit obligation to pay this amount for past services rendered by employees, and this can be reliably estimated.
s) Provisions for risks and charges
Provisions are recognized only when, further to a past event, the Company has a current legal or implicit liability that can be reliably estimated, and an outflow of benefits is likely to be needed in order to pay off that liability. Provisions are determined by updating the projected future cash-flows using a discounting rate before taxes, that would reflect the current market measurements of the value in time of money and the asset-specific risks. The discounting amortization is as financial cost.
The provision for intermediate storage of the used nuclear fuel is determined as the present value of the future cost of its storage. The provision for the management of low- and medium-level radioactive waste and the provision for the management of non-radioactive waste are determined as the present value of their future management cost. The management of the low- and medium-level radioactive waste and non-radioactive waste takes place in a period after that when it is generated by the operating activity.
t) Contingent liabilities and assets
Contingent liabilities are not recognized in the financial statements. These are shown in notes, save for when the possibility of an outflow of economic benefits is reduced.
Contingent assets are not recognized in the financial statements, but are shown when an inflow of benefits is likely.
u) Revenues and expenditure recognition
Revenues are recognized to the extent that the economic benefits are likely, and these benefits can be reliably measured. The following criteria must also be met in order to recognize revenues:
(i) Income from the sale of electricity
In order to recognize the income from the sale of electricity, the Company applies the provisions of IFRS 15 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers".
IFRS 15 clarifies how to identify the duty to perform under a contract, how to determine whether an entity acts in their own name or as an intermediary, and whether the revenue obtained must be recognized at a given time or over time.
IFRS 15 sets out a five-step model that applies to revenue under a contract with a customer (except for contracts that are subject to other standards, such as IFRS 16, IFRS 9, IFRS 4, etc.), regardless of the transaction time or the industry. Also, the requirements of the standard will apply to recognition and measurement of gains and losses from the sale of certain non- financial assets, which are not the result of the Company's regular business (e.g.: sale of tangible and intangible non-current assets). The Company assessed the impact of these changes on its financial position and performance, but did not identify any material element before the reporting date, 31 December 2021.
S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A.
Notes to the Stand-Alone Financial Statements for the financial year ended as at 31 December 2022
(All amounts are expressed in RON, unless otherwise expressly provided for)
Notes 1 to 33 are an integral part of these individual financial statements.
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3. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUATION)
u) Income and expenditure recognition (continuation)
The Company looked into the main revenue streams, which are represented by the sales of electricity and heat and other revenues, by applying the "five steps" model set out under IFRS 15. Based on the results of the analysis of the contractual terms for the main types of contracts related to each significant revenue stream, the Company concluded that IFRS 15 does not have a material impact on the financial statements, compared to the revenue recognition according to IAS 18 and IAS 11.
The Company delivers goods (electricity and heat) for which it considers that revenue recognition should take place at a given time, when the control over the asset is transferred to the customer, i.e., at delivery of the goods.
(ii) Financial income and expenditure
Financial income mainly include income from interest on banking deposits and cash, income from dividends, and income from exchange rate differences. Financial income is recognized in the profit and loss statement loss account based on accrual accounting, using the effective interest method. The effective interest rate is the rate that accurately discounts the expected future cash payments and receipts over the expected lifetime of that financial asset or liability (or, where appropriate, over a shorter period) to the carrying amount of that financial asset or liability.
The amount of the interest on the liabilities arising from the leasing agreement contract is determined using a discount rate that can be the interest rate under the contract or the marginal lending rate of the lessee, and is recognized in profit or loss.
Income from dividends is recognized in profit or loss on the date when the right to receive this income is determined. The Company obtains income from dividends from its subsidiary Energonuclear S.A.
Financial costs include mainly the cost of loan interest and exchange rate losses. All borrowing costs that are not directly attributable to the purchase, construction or production of an asset are recognized in the profit and loss statement using the effective interest method.
(iii) Levies
IFRIC 21 “Levies" clarifies how levy costs should be recognized in accounts. For an entity, the event that gives rise to a liability to pay a levy is the activity that triggers the payment of the levy, as identified by the legislation. The liability to pay a levy is gradually recognized if the generating event takes place over a period of time.
The Company has implemented the provisions of IFRIC 21 Levies by amending its accounting policies starting with the 2014 annual financial statements. In scope, the Company identified the tax on special constructions and local taxes and duties. The Company recognized the liability for these taxes and duties when the activity giving rise to payment occurred, as this is defined under the relevant legislation. A liability for taxes and duties is gradually estimated only when the activity that gives rise to payment occurs during a period.
IFRIC 21 applies retroactively to all taxes introduced by the governmental authorities according to legislation, other than cash outflows subject to other standards (e.g.: IAS 12 “Income Taxes”), fines and other penalties for infringements of the legislation.
IFRIC 21 points out that this interpretation does not address the method of booking the counterpart of this liability (i.e., asset or cost), but explains that an asset is recognized when a liability has been paid in advance and there is no current payment liability.
The Company considered that liability recognition time is determined by its existence in the assets forming the taxable basis and consequently, the liability for the tax on special structures and the local taxes and duties was recognized in full on 1 January, at the same time with the related cost.
The Company reconsidered the date when the generating event occurs for the taxes and duties that fall under the scope of IFRIC 21 and concluded that this date is 31 December of each year.
S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A.
Notes to the Stand-Alone Financial Statements for the financial year ended as at 31 December 2022
(All amounts are expressed in RON, unless otherwise expressly provided for)
Notes 1 to 33 are an integral part of these individual financial statements.
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3. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUATION)
v) Operating segments
An operating segment is identified by IFRS 8 “Operating Segments" as a component of an entity:
That engages in business activities from which it may earn revenues and incur expenses, including revenues and expenses relating to transactions with other components of the same entity;
Whose operating results are regularly reviewed by the entity's chief operating decision maker to make decisions about resources to be allocated to the segment and assess its performance; and
For which discrete financial information is available.
The Company’s management consider its operations as a whole as “one single segment".
Identification of a single reportable segment relies on the following elements:
- The Company generates and delivers only electricity and heat. The share of revenues delivery of heat is down at only 0.3%.
- The generation activity takes place only in the territory of Romania.
- The two functional nuclear units and the nuclear fuel plant are located in the territory of Romania.
- The electricity delivery is mainly done in the territory of Romania and to legal entities.
- The regulatory framework is consistent for the entire Company. The Company applies accounting regulations compliant with the International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as approved under OMFP no. 2.844/2016, and Romanian energy sector is regulated by the Romanian Energy Regulatory Authority (“ANRE”).
In order to meet the financial statements presentation requirements, we point out the following:
- IFRS 8.32. - Information about products and services. As stated in Note 1 Reporting Entity , the core business of the Company in the electricity and heat generation by means of nuclear methods.
- IFRS 8.33. - Information about geographic segmentation:
a) Amount of revenue obtained from sale of electricity in the territory of Romania and abroad. The revenue obtained from the sale of electricity to customers established in the territory of Romania account for approximately 85.5%; the difference is represented by customers established in the Republic of Slovenia, Denmark, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Czech Republic.
b) Amount of non-current assets located in Romania and abroad. All non-current assets of the Company are located in the territory of Romania.
- IFRS 8.34. - Information about main customers. The transactions with main customers are presented in both Note 12 Trade and other receivables and Note 30(b) Management of significant risks. Credit risk. where the Company's exposure to the concentrated credit risk was tackled.
w) Corporate tax
The corporate tax of the year includes the current tax and the deferred tax.
The corporate tax is recognized in profit or loss and in other comprehensive income where the tax relates to capital items.
The current tax is the tax payable related to the profit made in the current period, as determined based on the percentages applied at the date of the statement of the financial position and all adjustments related to previous periods.
Deferred tax is determined for those temporary differences that occur between the taxable amount for assets and liabilities and their carrying amount used for reporting in the financial statements.
Deferred tax is not recognized for the following temporary differences: the initial recognition of goodwill, the initial recognition of assets and liabilities from transactions that are not business combinations and that do not affect either the accounting or the tax profit and differences from investments in subsidiaries, provided that these are not restated in the near future. Deferred tax is calculated based on the tax rates that are expected to be applicable to temporary differences at their restatement, based on the legislation in force on the reporting date or issued on the reporting date and that come into force at a later date.
S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A.
Notes to the Stand-Alone Financial Statements for the financial year ended as at 31 December 2022
(All amounts are expressed in RON, unless otherwise expressly provided for)
Notes 1 to 33 are an integral part of these individual financial statements.
28
3. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUATION)
w) Corporate tax (continuation)
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are only offset when there is a legal right to offset current tax assets and liabilities and these relate to the tax collected by the same tax authority for the same entity subject to taxation or for different tax authorities, but they want to settle the current tax assets and liabilities using a net basis or the related assets and liabilities will be realized simultaneously.
The deferred tax asset is recognized only to the extent that it is likely that future profits are made that can be used to cover for the loss for tax purposes. The asset is reviewed at the end of each financial year and is reduced to the extent that the related tax benefit is unlikely to be realized.
For the period ended on 31 December 2022 and 31 December 2021, the corporate tax rate was 16%.
x) Dividends to be distributed
Dividends are treated as a profit distribution during the period when these were declared and approved by the General Meeting of Shareholders. Dividends are recognized as liability during the period during when their distribution is approved.
y) Earnings per share
Earnings per share are calculated by dividing profit or loss attributable to the Company’s ordinary equity holders by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period. The weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period is the number of ordinary shares outstanding at the beginning of the period, adjusted by the number of ordinary shares bought back or issued during the period multiplied by a time-weighting factor.
Dilution is a reduction in earnings per share or an increase in loss per share resulting from the assumption that convertible instruments are converted, that options or warrants are exercised, or that ordinary shares are issued upon the satisfaction of specified conditions. The objective of diluted earnings per share is consistent with that of basic earnings per share, i.e., to provide a measure of the interest of each ordinary share in the performance of an entity.
z) Subsequent events
Events after the reporting period are those events, favourable and unfavourable, that occur between the end of the reporting period and the date when the financial statements are authorized for issue.
Subsequent events providing additional information on the Company's position at the end of the reporting period (events requiring adjustments) are reflected in the financial statements.
Events after the reporting period that do not require adjustments are highlighted in the notes, when they are considered material.
aa) Related parties
Different entities or persons are considered to be in special relations with the Company also where one of the parties, either by ownership or based on contractual rights, family relationships or other similar situations, can directly or indirectly control the other party, or can exert a significant influence on its financial or operational decision-making. The related party transactions are a transfer of resources or obligations between related parties, regardless of whether a price is involved.
Considering the status of a company with majority State capital, the Company is subject to specific regulations, and has obligations to report on its transactions with related parties. The Company discloses its transactions with related parties in the financial statements in accordance with IAS 24 “Related Party Disclosures” (see Note 29).
S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A.
Notes to the Stand-Alone Financial Statements for the financial year ended as at 31 December 2022
(All amounts are expressed in RON, unless otherwise expressly provided for)
Notes 1 to 33 are an integral part of these individual financial statements.
29
3. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUATION)
bb) Implications of the new International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS)
During the year, the Company applied all the new standards and amendments to the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), which are relevant for its operations and are in force for the accounting periods starting on 1 January 2022, as approved by the European Union.
A. Initial application of the new amendments to the existing standards in force for the current reporting period
The following amendments to the existing standards issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and adopted by the EU are in effect for the current reporting period:
Adoption of these amendments to the existing standards did not lead to significant changes in the financial statements of the Company.
(i) Amendments to IAS 16 "Tangible Non-current Assets" - Receipts before the expected use adopted by the EU on 28 June 2021 (applicable for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2022). This amendment prohibits an entity from deducting from the cost of a tangible non-current asset any receipt before the asset is prepared for its intended use. It further clarifies that an entity tests whether an asset is working properly when it assesses its technical and physical performance. The physical performance of the asset is not covered by the amendment. Entities must present separately the amounts of receipts and costs related to the items produced that do not qualify as regular business of the company.
(ii) Amendments to IFRS 3 "Business Combinations" - Definition of the conceptual framework with amendments to IFRS 3 adopted by the EU on 28 June 2021 (applicable for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2022). Minor changes were made to IFRS 3 as regards definition of the conceptual framework for Financial Reporting and to add an exception from recognition of liabilities and contingent liabilities under the scope of IAS 37 "Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets" and IFRIC 21 “Levies”. These amendments confirm that contingent assets should not be recognized at their acquisition date.
(iii) Amendments to IAS 37 "Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets" - Onerous Contracts - Cost of Fulfilling a Contract, adopted by the EU on 28 June 2021 (applicable for annual periods starting on or after 1 January 2022). The amendment clarifies that the structure of direct costs concerning completion of a contract includes both the incremental costs and an allocated part of other direct costs attributable to completion of the contract. Also, before recognizing a separate provision for an onerous contract, the entity recognizes any impairment loss that occurred on the assets used to fulfil the contract.
(iv) Amendments to various standards due to "IFRS Improvements (2018-2020 cycle)" resulting from the annual IFRS improvement project (IFRS 1, IFRS 9, IFRS 16 and IAS 41) with the main purpose of addressing inconsistencies and clarifying certain wording - adopted by the EU on 28 June 2021 (amendments to IFRS 1, IFRS 9 and IAS 41 are applicable for annual periods starting on or after 1 January 2022. The amendment to IFRS 16 refers only to an illustrative example, so no effective date is mentioned).
Adoption of these amendments to the existing standards did not lead to significant changes in the financial statements of the Company.
S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A.
Notes to the Stand-Alone Financial Statements for the financial year ended as at 31 December 2022
(All amounts are expressed in RON, unless otherwise expressly provided for)
Notes 1 to 33 are an integral part of these individual financial statements.
30
3. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUATION)
bb) Implications of the new International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) (continuation)
B. Standards and amendments to the existing standards issued by IASB and adopted by the EU, but which have not yet taken effect
On the approval date of these financial statements, the following amendments to the existing standards were issued by IASB and adopted by the EU, but have not yet taken effect:
(i) Amendments to IAS 1 "Presentation of Financial Statements" - Classification of liabilities in current and long-term categories, thus offering a more general approach based on the contractual commitments in force on the reporting date. The amendments were initially effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after 1 January 2022; however, the effective date was postponed to 1 January 2023.
(ii) Presentation of accounting policies (Amendments to IAS 1 and IFRS Practice Statement 2); effective date: annual reporting periods beginning on or after 1 January 2023. The amendments require an entity to present significant accounting policies, instead of its significant accounting policies. Subsequent amendments explain how an entity can identify a significant accounting policy. Examples of cases where an accounting policy is likely to be material are added. To support the amendment, the Board has also prepared guidance and examples to explain and demonstrate application of the "four-step significance process" described in the IFRS Practice Statement 2.
(iii) Definition of accounting estimates (amendments to IAS 8 "Accounting policies, changes in accounting estimates and errors"); effective date: annual reporting periods beginning on or after 1 January 2023. The amendments clarify how entities must distinguish between changes in accounting policies and changes in accounting estimates. The distinction is important because changes in accounting estimates are applied prospectively to future transactions and other future events, while changes in accounting policies are generally applied retroactively to past transactions and other past items, as well as to the current period.
(iv) Deferred tax related to assets and liabilities arising from one single transaction (amendments to IAS12); effective date: annual reporting periods beginning on or after 1 January 2023. The amendments clarify that the initial recognition exemption does not apply to transactions where equal amounts of deductible and taxable temporary differences occur at initial recognition. The amendment should be applied only to transactions that take place at or after the beginning of the comparative period presented. In addition, entities should recognize deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities at the beginning of the comparative period for all deductible and taxable temporary differences associated with: assets representing rights to use underlying assets under financial leases, and liabilities related to lease, decommissioning and restoration contracts and similar liabilities. The cumulative effect of recognizing of these adjustments booked as retained earnings, or other corresponding capital items. IAS 12 did not previously address the accounting of the effects for tax purposes of financial leases, so different approaches are considered acceptable.
(v) Amendments to IFRS 10 "Consolidated Financial Statements" and IAS 28 "Investments in Associates and Joint Ventures" - Asset sale or contribution between an investor and its related entities or joint ventures and subsequent amendments (the effective date was postponed for an indefinite time period, until the research project on the equity method is completed).
(vi) IFRS 17 "Insurance Contracts" which replaces IFRS 4; effective date: annual reporting periods commencing on or after 1 January 2023. The subsequent amendments operated in December 2021 added a transition period that allows an entity to apply an optional classification in comparative periods to the initial application of IFRS 17. The classification option applies to all financial assets, including those not covered by the standard. Thus, it allows classification of those assets in the comparative period(s) according to the provisions of IFRS 9.
S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A.
Notes to the Stand-Alone Financial Statements for the financial year ended as at 31 December 2022
(All amounts are expressed in RON, unless otherwise expressly provided for)
Notes 1 to 33 are an integral part of these individual financial statements.
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3. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUATION)
bb) Implications of the new International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) (continuation)
C. New standards and amendments to existing standars issued by IASB, not adopted yet by the EU
On the approval date of these financial statements, the following new standards and amendments to existing standards have been issued by the IASB, but have not yet been adopted by the EU:
(i) Amendments to IAS 1 “Presentation of Financial Statements” - Classification of Liabilities as Current or Non-Current (effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2023). The amendments provide a more general approach to the classification of liabilities under IAS 1 based on the contractual arrangements in place at the reporting date. Amendments to IAS 1 issued by IASB on 15 July 2020 defer the effective date by one year to annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2023.
(ii) Amendments to IAS 1 “Presentation of Financial Statements” - Non-current Liabilities with Covenants (effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2024). Amendments clarify how conditions with which an entity must comply within twelve months after the reporting period affect the classification of a liability.
(iii) Amendments to IFRS 16 “Leases” - Lease Liability in a Sale and Leaseback (effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2024). Amendments to IFRS 16 require a seller-lessee to subsequently measure lease liabilities arising from a leaseback in a way that it does not recognise any amount of the gain or loss that relates to the right of use it retains. The new requirements do not prevent a seller-lessee from recognising in profit or loss any gain or loss relating to the partial or full termination of a lease.
(iv) IFRS 14 “Regulatory Deferral Accounts” (effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2016) - the European Commission has decided not to launch the endorsement process of this interim standard and to wait for the final standard. This standard is intended to allow entities that are first-time adopters of IFRS, and that currently recognise regulatory deferral accounts in accordance with their previous GAAP, to continue to do so upon transition to IFRS.
(v) Amendments to IFRS 10 “Consolidated Financial Statements” and IAS 28 “Investments in Associates and Joint Ventures ” - Sale or Contribution of Assets between an Investor and its Associate or Joint Venture and further amendments (effective date deferred indefinitely until the research project on the equity method has been concluded). The amendments address a conflict between the requirements of IAS 28 and IFRS 10 and clarify that in a transaction involving an associate or joint venture the extent of gain or loss recognition depends on whether the assets sold or contributed constitute a business.
S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A.
Notes to the Stand-Alone Financial Statements for the financial year ended as at 31 December 2022
(All amounts are expressed in RON, unless otherwise expressly provided for)
Notes 1 to 33 are an integral part of these individual financial statements.
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3. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUATION)
cc) Climate-related matters
Mitigation of climate change and energy supply security are two of the most important global challenges in 2022, which require a reconsideration of the world's energy systems. Implementation of nuclear energy in the energy, industry, construction and transport sectors can help reduce dependence on fossil fuels and provide flexibility services to render the renewable energy systems even more reliable.
Nuclear power plants do not release any greenhouse gas emissions while operating and during their life cycle, they produce approximately the same amount of carbon CO2 equivalent emissions per unit of electricity as wind turbines and a third of the emissions per unit of electricity of the solar energy facilities.
The Company's financial statements reflect aspects related to climate change and sustainable development under the elements below: implementation of the investment strategy and of a sustainable financing strategy; the costs specifically incurred to respond to the environmental issues, based on the applicable laws and regulations; and the measurement methods applied for the Company's assets and liabilities.
The Company's investment projects contribute both to energy security and to the decarbonization process, and are source of clean energy, in accordance with the "Fit for 55” measures of the European Commission and the new Complementary Delegated Act that included nuclear energy under the scope of the EU Taxonomy on Sustainable Financing. Completion of the Company’s investment projects will lead, after 2031, to ensuring about 33% of the consumption needs and an estimated 66% of the energy free of CO2 emissions at the national level, as well as to avoiding the release into the atmosphere of approximately 20 million tons of CO2 annually.
The Company has in progress strategic investment projects with an estimated amount of EUR 12 billion, including: Refurbishment of Unit 1; the Project of Units 3 and 4; development of small modular reactors in partnership with NuScale; and implementation of support projects for current operation, such as the Tritium Removal Plant. The Company's investment projects will bring clean CO2-free energy to Romania's energy stability, social and economic development, development of the nuclear industry and training of a new generation of specialists.
As to the legislative regulations, on 10 December 2021, the European Union adopted the Delegated Act supplementing Article 8 of the Regulation (EU) 2020/852 of 18 June 2020 on the establishment of a framework to facilitate sustainable investment, and amending Regulation (EU) 2019/2088, which aims to classify economic activities depending on their contribution to attainment of the environmental targets. This “Taxonomy Regulation" is part of the European strategy advancing a sustainable financing that helps attain carbon neutrality by 2050, in particular by encouraging capital inflows in sustainable investments. The Regulation applies as of 31 December 2021 and requires groups subject to non-financial reporting obligations, such as the Company, to publish three indicators: turnover, capital expenditure and operating expenditure related to the eligible European taxonomy, and then aligned with the business activities taxonomy. The regulations applicable on 31 December 2021 did not specifically cover either the nuclear energy activities, the core business of the Company, or activities related to gas.
As at 2 February 2022, the European Commission approved a complementary delegated act on climate, which includes, under strict conditions, activities specific to nuclear and gas energy in the list of economic activities covered by the EU taxonomy. The draft was formally adopted on 9 March 2022, when the versions were made available in all official EU languages. The Complementary Delegated Act (EU) 2022/1214 was published in the Official Journal on 15 July 2022. It is due to apply as of 1 January 2023.
The results of the Task Force set up to determine these three indicators are presented in the Company's report on its non- financial activities, i.e., under the heading "Climate Change - Role of SNN in the industry" of the 2022 Sustainability Report.
S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A.
Notes to the Stand-Alone Financial Statements for the financial year ended as at 31 December 2022
(All amounts are expressed in RON, unless otherwise expressly provided for)
Notes 1 to 33 are an integral part of these individual financial statements.
33
3. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUATION)
cc) Climate-related matters
Measurement of assets and liabilities
(i) Provisions for contingent liabilities and losses embedding environmental matters
The provisions for bad debts and unforeseen losses that embed aspects related to the environment are: provisions for management of radioactive and non-radioactive waste, and for the management of spent fuel (DICA provisions). For details, see Note 19.
In years 2021-2022, no contingent liabilities related to environmental disputes were booked.
(ii) Assessment measurement
The climate aspects are considered in the measurement of long-term assets through impairment testing. At the end of each reporting period, in order to comply with the provisions of IAS 36, the Company assesses whether there is any indication that an asset is significantly impaired. The impairment testing and recognition of the impairment adjustments are carried out in accordance with the provisions of paragraph j) of Note 3.
The impairment testing was performed as follows:
The Company measures any impairment of long-term assets by comparing its net carrying amount against its recoverable amount;
The recoverable amount is determined as the maximum of the net sale price of an asset and its value in use. The value in use is defined as the present value of the future financial flows that the asset will generate during its useful life, without however disregarding the financial flow brought by the sale of the asset at the end of this life;
The value in use is calculated based on projected cash-flows over a period of 10 years, according to the financial models approved by the Company's management;
The forward prices used in impairment testing are the market prices observed at the end of the period; as at 2024, forecasts produced by an independent supplier (ICIS base case) will be used. For 2023, the projected price is based on a price mix in accordance with the contracts already signed and with the best estimates of the remaining uncontracted electricity;
The long-term scenarios used for the electricity sale prices are in line with the European path related to the set decarbonization targets, in particular those under the Paris Agreement on climate change, adopted on 12 December 2015 and entered into force on 4 November 2016;
The macroeconomic assumptions used are based on publicly-available external sources. The inflation rate and exchange rates taken into account are based on the forecasts issued by the National Strategy and Prognosis Committee.
These calculations can be influenced by a number of variables, such as: changes in the electricity market prices; changes in the effective regulations; changes in demand and Company’s market shares; the depreciation rate of the customer portfolio; the useful life of the facilities, etc.
The sensitivity analyses on different dimensions and assumptions did not return any impairment risk.
S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A.
Notes to the Stand-Alone Financial Statements for the financial year ended as at 31 December 2022
(All amounts are expressed in RON, unless otherwise expressly provided for)
Notes 1 to 33 are an integral part of these individual financial statements.
34
4. ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND SIGNIFICANT JUDGMENTS
The Company makes estimates and assumptions that affect the value of the reported assets and liabilities. Estimates and judgments are continually assessed and are based on past experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that are deemed reasonable under the given circumstances.
The management discussed about development, selection, presentation and application of the critical accounting policies and estimates. These disclosures supplement the comments on financial risk management (see Note 30).
The significant accounting judgments for application of the Company's accounting policies include:
Key sources of estimate uncertainty
(i) Adjustments for impairment of assets measured at amortized cost
Assets booked at amortized cost are measured for impairment according to the accounting policy described in Note 3 (g) Identification and measurement of write-downs.
Receivables are measures for impairment individually and this measurement relies on the best management of the present value of the cash flows expected to be received. In order to estimate these flows, the management makes certain estimates regarding as to the counterparty's financial standing. Each asset is analysed individually. The accuracy of the adjustments depends on the future cash flow estimate for specific counterparties.
(ii) Fair value determination for financial instruments
The fair value of financial instruments that are not traded on an active market is determined using the measurement techniques described in the accounting policy of Note 3(g) Measurement . For rarely traded financial instruments that do not enjoy price transparency, the fair value is less objective and is determined using different levels of estimates of the liquidity, concentration, uncertainty of market factors, price assumptions and other risks that affects the said financial instrument.
(iii) Fair value hierarchy
Assets and liabilities are measured and presented at fair value in the financial statements, according to the fair value hierarchy under IFRS 13, which requires classification of the measurement methods in the following measurement levels:
The Company uses the following hierarchy of methods to determine the fair value:
Level 1: quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities
Level 2: inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (e.g., prices, quoted prices in markets that are not active), or indirectly (e.g. price derivates)
Level 3: inputs for assets or liabilities that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs). This category includes all instruments for which the measurement technique includes elements that are not based on observable data and for which unobservable input parameters can have a significant effect on the instrument’s measurement. This category includes instruments that are measured based on quoted prices for similar instruments, but for which adjustments based largely on unobservable data or estimates are required to reflect the difference between the two instruments.
The Company determines the fair value using mainly active market quotations.
Fair value is the amount for which the financial instrument could be exchanged in regular arm’s length transactions between interested and knowledgeable, other than those determined by liquidation or forced sale. Fair values are obtained from quoted market prices or cash flow models, as applicable. As at 31 December 2022 and 31 December 2021, the management consider that the fair values of cash and cash equivalents, trade and other receivables, trade payables, as well as other short-term liabilities approximate their carrying amount.
S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A.
Notes to the Stand-Alone Financial Statements for the financial year ended as at 31 December 2022
(All amounts are expressed in RON, unless otherwise expressly provided for)
Notes 1 to 33 are an integral part of these individual financial statements.
35
4. ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND SIGNIFICANT JUDGMENTS (CONTINUATION)
(iii) Fair value hierarchy (continuation)
Considering the company’s sector, added to the specific nature of the investments that are subject to financing and the structure of the collaterals, that include a government guarantee, as well as due to the floating nature of the interest rate, the Company's management estimate that the fair value of loans is approximately equal to their carrying amount. The carrying amount of loans is the amortized cost. Based on these considerations, the loans were classified at Level 2.
The table below looks into the financial instruments booked at fair value, depending on the measurement method applied:
Carrying amount
Fair value
Level
31 December 2022 (audited)
Financial assets
Financial assets measured at amortized cost
41,262,942
41,262,942
2
Trade receivables
438,539,974
438,539,974
2
Other financial assets measured at amortized cost
140,954,592
140,954,592
2
Cash and cash equivalents
2,681,002,427
2,681,002,427
2
Bank deposits
1,829,796,500
1,829,796,500
2
5,131,556,435
5,131,556,435
Carrying amount
Fair value
Level
31 December 2022 (audited)
Long-term financial liabilities
Long-term loans
64,810,940
64,810,940
2
Liabilities under long-term financial leasing agreements
12,831,121
12,831,121
2
Deferred income
63,611,498
63,611,498
2
141,253,559
141,253,559
Short-term financial liabilities
Trade and other payables
445,315,659
445,315,659
2
Liabilities under short-term financial leasing agreements
2,734,403
2,734,403
2
Current part of the long-term loans
65,525,433
65,525,433
2
Deferred income
157,087,526
157,087,526
2
670,663,021
670,663,021
S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A.
Notes to the Stand-Alone Financial Statements for the financial year ended as at 31 December 2022
(All amounts are expressed in RON, unless otherwise expressly provided for)
Notes 1 to 33 are an integral part of these individual financial statements.
36
4. ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND SIGNIFICANT JUDGMENTS (CONTINUATION)
Carrying amount
Fair value
Level
31 December 2021 (audited)
Financial assets
Financial assets measured at amortized cost
35,496,297
35,496,297
2
Trade receivables
220,487,430
220,487,430
2
Other financial assets measured at amortized cost
87,270,340
87,270,340
2
Cash and cash equivalents
1,317,399,999
1,317,399,999
2
Bank deposits
1,328,973,000
1,328,973,000
2
2,989,627,066
2,989,627,066
Carrying amount
Fair value
Level
31 December 2021 (audited)
Long-term financial liabilities
Long-term loans
130,135,030
130,135,030
2
Liabilities under long-term financial leasing agreements
910,586
910,586
2
Deferred income
72,037,242
72,037,242
2
203,082,858
203,082,858
Short-term financial liabilities
Trade and other payables
285,939,903
285,939,903
2
Liabilities under short-term financial leasing agreements
264,025
264,025
2
Current part of the long-term loans
168,126,539
168,126,539
2
Deferred income
89,647,495
89,647,495
2
543,977,962
543,977,962
(iv) Classification of financial assets and liabilities
The accounting policies of the Company provide the basis for the initial classification of assets and liabilities in different accounting categories.
Re-measurement of tangible non-current assets
Tangible non-current assets, consisting of land and buildings, are subject to revaluation, and the in fair value are recognized in other comprehensive income.
(v) Fair value measurement
As at 31 December 2021, the tangible non-current assets of the Company were valued by an external independent valued, authorized by the National Association of Romanian Authorized Valuers ("ANEVAR"). The revaluations of land and buildings on 31 December 2021 were carried out based on the following methods, in compliance with the principles and valuation techniques included in the ANEVAR Property Valuation Standards:
The benchmarking method for land owned exclusively;
The residual method for land owned under undivided share;
Income method for the two administrative buildings;
Replacement cost method for special structures and other assets.
(vi) Fair value hierarchy
Based on the input data used in the valuation technique, the fair value of tangible non-current assets was classified at Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.
S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A.
Notes to the Stand-Alone Financial Statements for the financial year ended as at 31 December 2022
(All amounts are expressed in RON, unless otherwise expressly provided for)
Notes 1 to 33 are an integral part of these individual financial statements.
37
4. ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND SIGNIFICANT JUDGMENTS (CONTINUATION)
(vii) Impact and implications of the Ukraine conflict
The geopolitical situation in the Eastern Europe deteriorated after 24 February 2022, with the invasion of Ukraine by Russia, but the war in Ukraine did not have a significant direct or indirect impact on the pursuit of the Company's business. The operation, production and development of investment projects, and the current activities are carried out normally.
The war in Ukraine, beyond the human drama, proved the importance of a balanced energy mix in the EU and a resilient energy system when faced with extreme events. It is also a major alarm signal in terms of energy policy at the EU level, fair inclusion of energy sources with a role in decarbonization to ensure the long-term stability and accessibility of energy, without risking the energy security of the EU and the Member States. The cooperation between States to identify viable and specific solutions is an extremely important next step.
In this context, nuclear energy becomes even more important in the European energy mix and in reducing energy dependence. Nuclear energy responds to the 3 current challenges: energy security, attainment of the decarbonization targets, and maintaining an affordable cost for consumers.
The Company plays an important part at the national level, in terms of both the energy stability of the country and reaching the decarbonization targets.
Having reviewed the impact on the Company, we conclude that this has no direct no direct exposure related to Russia or Ukraine, does not hold any direct or indirect investments in companies of these countries, as this year’s supply chains for raw materials were established with companies of Kazakhstan and Romania. Furthermore, the Company has no exposure to business, companies or banks which are currently affected by the international sanctions.
The indirect impact on the financial statements is harmonized with the overall and regional effects of the Ukraine conflict; electricity sale prices, national policies for mitigating the effects of the Ukraine war and the evolution of the consumer price index are the most notable influences resulting from such conflictual situation.
Other general matters concerning the Company's activity in the war context
a) Impairment of financial instruments and other financial risks
The Company constantly monitors the developments in the credit risk and makes adjustments for impairment on the financial assets based on the history of depreciation of this risk, in accordance with the provisions of IFRS 9. According to the risk analyses carried out in the Company, no degradations of the implemented indices were identified compared to the values obtained on 31 December 2021. Also, the Company does not hold financial assets or liabilities affected by the international restrictions/sanctions related to the two states involved in the conflict. No exposures of the Company to liquidity risk or market risk (in particular currency exchange risk) were identified as generated by the transactions with companies from the two states.
b) Impairment of non-financial assets
Considering that the Company does not own or operate any assets located in the territory of Ukraine or Russia, no risks of physical damage, restricted access or impairment indices of the recoverable amount have been identified.
c) Loss of control or joint control or of the ability to exercise a significant influence
The companies falling under the consolidation scope of S.N. Nuclearelectrica SA are Romanian companies which carry out their activity only in the territory of Romania and are owned 100%, except for the related entity Ropower Nuclear SA, which is owned 50%. Therefore, as at 31 December 2022, neither any circumstances liable to significantly limit or even lose the ability of the Company to exercise its rights, nor any provisions concerning the governance of these subsidiaries and/or the related entities have been identified.
S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A.
Notes to the Stand-Alone Financial Statements for the financial year ended as at 31 December 2022
(All amounts are expressed in RON, unless otherwise expressly provided for)
Notes 1 to 33 are an integral part of these individual financial statements.
38
4. ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND SIGNIFICANT JUDGMENTS (CONTINUATION)
(vii) Impact and implications of the Ukraine conflict (continuation)
d) Other assets, liabilities, revenue and expenditure
In addition to the information found in the previous paragraphs, the conflict in Ukraine did not require any other specific exercise of judgments, estimates or assumptions to determine the value of the assets or liabilities, income and expenditure of the period (compared to those disclosed in Note 2f) of the Accounting Policies).
The direct or indirect impact of the war in Ukraine on the Company's business cannot be quantified value-wise, given that the current developments in inflation and the forecasted developments thereof for the upcoming periods are the result of factors that are difficult to predict. From the point of view of qualitative analysis, the Company monitors the macroeconomic developments and continuously assesses the factors of uncertainty and the potential financial impact of the conflict in Ukraine, in order to identify the measures required to be implemented, and advise the investors accordingly.
The Company has in place and applies specific and efficient cyber risk management policies. The Ukraine war had no impact upon the Company's going concern. The conflict’s Effects on the financial standing, financial performance and cash flows of the Company appear not significant. Similarly to the results of the previous year, the Company obtained very good financial results, complying with and achieving its investment, production programs and performance ratios.
S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A.
Notes to the Stand-Alone Financial Statements for the financial year ended as at 31 December 2022
(All amounts are expressed in RON, unless otherwise expressly provided for)
Notes 1 to 33 are an integral part of these individual financial statements.
39
5. TANGIBLE NON-CURRENT ASSETS
Lands
Nuclear plants
Plant, machinery and other assets
Non-current assets in progress
TOTAL
Cost
Balance as at 1 January 2021 (audited).
32,124,981
5,388,449,243
1,110,066,036
1,064,437,295
7,595,077,555
Inflows
-
-
14,233,394
260,426,011
274,659,405
Heavy water-related inflows
-
10,924,629
-
-
10,924,629
Transfers
-
119,682,584
56,015,488
(175,698,072)
-
Transfers into inventories
-
-
(471,772)
-
(471,772)
Transfer of inventories
-
-
(6,064,409)
(6,064,409)
Transfer from reclassified spare parts
-
-
16,804,893
(16,804,893)
-
Transfer from intangible non-current assets
-
-
(3,142,607)
(3,142,607)
Transfer from intangible non-current assets
-
-
4,769,053
-
4,769,053
Increases from revaluation through reserves
4,320,651
278,682,405
52,233,330
-
335,236,386
Increases from revaluation through profit and loss
529,415
-
3,652,921
-
4,182,336
Re-enactments
-
-
458,288
-
458,288
Derecognition of inspections
-
(72,856,959)
-
-
(72,856,959)
Derecognition of heavy water
-
(1,181,401)
-
-
(1,181,401)
Annulment of accumulated depreciation
-
(1,078,392,507)
(55,538,572)
-
(1,133,931,079)
Outflows
-
-
(6,169,702)
(199)
(6,169,901)
Balance as at 31 December 2021 (audited)
36,975,047
4,645,307,994
1,196,053,357
1,123,153,126
7,001,489,524
Balance as at 1 January 2022 (audited)
36,975,047
4,645,307,994
1,196,053,357
1,123,153,126
7,001,489,524
Inflows
-
23,542,835
471,336,664
494,879,499
Transfers
71,116,529
80,209,850
(151,326,379)
Heavy water-related inflows
-
27,816,605
)
27,816,605
Transfer of inventories
-
-
-
(40,632,444)
(40,632,444)
Transfer from reclassified spare parts
-
-
27,324,482
(15,598,170)
11,726,312
Derecognition of inspections
-
(132,769,584)
-
-
(132,769,584)
Derecognition of heavy water
-
(1,217,175)
-
-
(1,217,175)
Outflows
-
(487,267)
(18,111,407)
-
(18,598,674)
Balance as at 31 December 2022 (audited)
36,975,047
4,609,767,102
1,309,019,117
1,386,932,797
7,342,694,063
Depreciation and impairment adjustments
Balance as at 1 January 2021 (audited)
550,782
1,057,248,682
595,963,307
146,586,943
1,800,349,715
Depreciation expense
-
474,198,668
71,567,252
-
545,765,920
Accumulated depreciation of inspections
-
(71,010,274)
-
-
(71,010,274)
Accumulated depreciation of outflows
-
(1,181,401)
(5,023,907)
-
(6,205,308)
Annulment of accumulated depreciation
-
(1,078,392,507)
(55,538,572)
-
(1,133,931,079)
Impairment adjustments
-
-
9,782,221
3,400,425
13,182,646
Balance as at 31 December 2021 (audited)
550,782
380,863,168
616,750,302
149,987,368
1,148,151,620
Balance as at 1 January 2022 (audited)
550,782
380,863,168
616,750,302
149,987,368
1,148,151,620
Depreciation expense
-
507,383,343
80,275,699
-
587,659,042
Accumulated depreciation of inspections
-
(119,247,275)
-
-
(119,247,275)
Accumulated depreciation of outflows
-
(1,454,046)
(14,770,722)
-
(16,224,768)
Impairment adjustments
-
-
8,912,944
(3,852,553)
5,060,391
Balance as at 31 December 2022 (audited)
550,782
767,545,190
691,168,223
146,134,815
1,605,399,010
Carrying amount
Balance as at 31 December 2021 (audited)
36,424,265
4,264,444,826
579,303,055
973,165,758
5,853,337,904
Balance as at 31 December 2022 (audited)
36,424,265
3,842,221,912
617,850,894
1,240,797,982
5,737,295,053
S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A.
Notes to the Stand-Alone Financial Statements for the financial year ended as at 31 December 2022
(All amounts are expressed in RON, unless otherwise expressly provided for)
Notes 1 to 33 are an integral part of these individual financial statements.
40
5. TANGIBLE NON-CURRENT ASSETS (CONTINUATION)
(i) Nuclear plants, machinery and other assets
In 2022, the Company purchased 11.9 tons of heavy water from the National Administration of the State Reserves and Special Problems (“ANRSPS“), needed for Units 1 and 2 amounting to RON 27,816,605, and in 2021 it purchased 5 tons of heavy water amounting to RON 10,924,629.
(ii) Non-current assets in progress
As at 31 December 2022 the net carrying amount of non-current assets in progress, of RON 1,240,797,982, included the following items:
- Investment relating to the increase in the production capacity with a net carrying amount of RON 469,495,874 (31 December 2021: RON 506,394,981;
- Investments related to Units 1 and 2, in total amount of RON 771,302,109, of which the most representative are:
Refurbishment of U1 in amount of RON 270,871,718 (31 December 2021: RON 135,689,797);
Detrition Facility for D2O in amount of RON 86,878,248 (31 December 2021: RON 75,821,481);
Improving the reliability of the electric generator in amount of RON 98,614,087 (31 December 2021: RON 0);
Building storage and loading premises for the nuclear fuel used (DICA) in amount of RON 32,853,382 (31 December 2021: RON 31,210,232);
Improving the nuclear security systems after Fukushima in amount of RON 38,924,333 (31 December 2021: RON 37,456,941;
Equipment and materials for investments in amount of RON 27,361,693 (31 December 2021: RON 48,092,603).
The gross investment value relating to the increase in the production capacity amounts to RON 471,194,441, of which the carrying amount of Units 3 and 4, amounts to RON 273,960,000 (31 December 2021: RON 273,960,000), the remaining amount representing the heavy water especially purchased for Units 3 and 4, respectively approximately 75 tons, with a carrying amount as at 31 December 2022 in amount of RON 159,253,825 (31 December 2021: 159,238,387), as well as equipment and other assets for Units 3 and 4 in amount of RON 37,980,616 (31 December 2021: RON 74,895,161). Prior to the year 1991, Units 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 were considered as a single project and, consequently, the construction costs incurred were not allocated at the level of each unit. Subsequently, the Company performed the allocation of the construction costs for Units 3 and 4 of the nuclear plant, as well as for Unit 5.
As at 31 December 2022, the gross carrying amount of Unit 5 amounted to RON 137 million (31 December 2021: RON 137 million). As at 31 December 2013 the Company recognized an impairment adjustment of 100% of the amount of Unit 5 since there were no plans to resume its construction as a nuclear unit. In March 2014, the Company’s shareholders approved the change in the destination and use of Unit 5 for other activities of the Company, which was a project in progress following which an asset would result with a different use compared to the initial use of Unit 5.
The main investments commissioned by the Company in 2022 from the projects in progress related to Units 1 and 2 were represented by: performance of the annual inspections during the scheduled shutdown of Unit 1 and the unscheduled shutdown of Unit 2, amounting to 63,688,488 RON; replacement of spare parts on equipment in operation, amounting to RON of 133,516,891; and increase in the carrying amount of DICA 12, 13 and 14 amounting to RON 21,361,160.
S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A.
Notes to the Stand-Alone Financial Statements for the financial year ended as at 31 December 2022
(All amounts are expressed in RON, unless otherwise expressly provided for)
Notes 1 to 33 are an integral part of these individual financial statements.
41
5. TANGIBLE NON-CURRENT ASSETS (CONTINUATION)
(iii) Impairment adjustments
As at 31 December 2022, the Company books adjustments for impairment of assets of RON 5,060,391 RON (31 December 2021: RON 13,182,646).
(iv) Revaluation, depreciation method and lifetime
Buildings and lands are recognized at their fair value, based on periodical assessments carried out by external independent valuers. The re-measurement surplus included in the revaluation reserve is capitalized by the transfer into the result carried forward, upon deregistration of the asset or to the extent of its use (see Note 15). All other tangible non-current assets are recognized at historical cost less amortization.
The last revaluation of lands and buildings was made on 31 December 2021 by the independent valuer (Primoval S.R.L., a member of the National Association of Authorized Romanian Valuers - ANEVAR). Prior to such revaluation, lands and buildings were revalued as at 31 December 2018.
The valuation report, related to the year 2021 for tangible non-current assets of lands and buildings classes, prepared by the independent valuer Primoval S.R.L. is based on the Asset Valuation Standards, edition of 2022, valid as at 31 December 2021, drafted by the National Association of Authorized Romanian Valuers (ANEVAR) :
General standards: SEV 100 General framework (IVS General framework) ; SEV 101 Valuation reference terms (IVS 101); SEV 102 – Implementation (IVS 102); SEV 103 – Reporting (IVS 103); SEV 104 – Types of value;
Asset standards: SEV 300 – Machinery, equipment and plants (IVS 300) ; GEV 630 – Valuation of immovable assets;
Specific use standards: SEV 430 – Valuations for financial reporting.
The estimate of fair value was made in compliance with the IFRS provisions and of the above-mentioned valuation standards. For the valuation of the administrative buildings the income method was used, with a capitalization rate between 7% - 9%, depending on the specific nature of the building. For the valuation of units 1 and 2 the depreciated replacement cost method was applied. For the valuation of lands, they opted for using the market approach, the direct comparison method.
Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method of cost allocation or of the revalued value of assets, net of their residual values, during the estimated useful lifetime, as follows:
Asset
Number of years
Nuclear plant - Units 1 and 2
30
Heavy water (loading for Units 1 and 2)
30
Buildings
45 – 50
Inspections and overhauls
2
Other plants, equipment and machinery
3 - 20
See Note 3 (c) for the other relevant accounting policies for tangible non-current assets.
(v) Significance of estimates – valuation of lands and buildings
Information relating to the valuation of lands and buildings is presented in Note 4 (v).
S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A.
Notes to the Stand-Alone Financial Statements for the financial year ended as at 31 December 2022
(All amounts are expressed in RON, unless otherwise expressly provided for)
Notes 1 to 33 are an integral part of these individual financial statements.
42
5. TANGIBLE NON-CURRENT ASSETS (CONTINUATION)
(vi) The carrying amount that would have been recognized had land and buildings been measured at cost, according to the provisions of IAS 16.77 (e)
Had land and buildings been measured at historical cost, the amounts would have been:
31 December 2022
(audited)
31 December 2021
(audited)
Lands
Cost
22,350,779
22,350,779
Accumulated depreciation
-
Net carrying amount
22,350,779
22,350,779
31 December 2022
(audited)
31 December 2021
(audited)
Buildings
Cost
7,056,923,302
7,069,432,468
Accumulated depreciation
(4,523,041,183)
(4,036,137,494)
Net carrying amount
2,533,882,118
3,033,294,975
(vii) Decommissioning of nuclear units
Unit 1 is designed to operate until 2026, and Unit 2 until 2037. Company did not account for any provision for decommissioning of those two units since it was not responsible for the decommissioning works. According to the Government Decision no. 1080/ 2007, Nuclear and Radioactive Waste Agency ( NRWA ) is responsible for collecting the contributions paid by the Company during the remaining useful lifetime of units and accept any liability for the management of the decommissioning process at the end of the lifetime of those two units, as well as for the final storage of the nuclear waste at the end of the useful lifetime of those two units and for the permanent storage of the resulting residue (see Note 27). The cost of the Company’s contributions to NRWA in 2022 amounts to RON 100,535,482 (31 December: RON 102,229,602).
(viii) Pledged assets
As at 31 December 2022, respectively 31 December 2021, the Company had no pledged or mortgaged assets.
(ix) Supplier credit
As at 31 December 2022 the Company owned fixed assets purchased with credit from suppliers (commercial credit) in amount of RON 46,767,931 (31 December 2021: RON 31,022,440).
S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A.
Notes to the Stand-Alone Financial Statements for the financial year ended as at 31 December 2022
(All amounts are expressed in RON, unless otherwise expressly provided for)
Notes 1 to 33 are an integral part of these individual financial statements.
43
6. ASSETS REPRESENTING RIGHTS TO USE UNDERLYING ASSETS WITHIN A LEASING CONTRACT
The Company adopted IFRS 16, and for this reason it recognized in the statement of financial position also assets and liabilities related to the restatement of lease agreements concluded in its capacity as lessee.
The Company concluded lease agreements for assets and liabilities and concession contracts for lands, for which it was estimated the initial value of the asset related to the right to use at a value equal to the debt discounted upon transaction, arising from such agreements, amounting to RON 16,031,241 (31 December 2021: RON 1,406,574).
(i) Amounts recognized in the Statement of financial position
Assets representing rights to use underlying assets within a leasing contract
31 December 2022
(audited)
31 December 2021
(audited)
Lands
1,422,211
1,406,574
Office spaces
14,609,030
-
Depreciation of assets representing rights to use
(465,410)
(226,181)
Total net assets representing rights to use
15,565,831
1,180,392
Liabilities under leasing agreements
31 December 2022
(audited)
31 December 2021
(audited)
Short-term
2,734,403
264,025
Long-term
12,831,121
910,586
15,565,524
1,174,611
(ii) Amounts recognized in the Statement of profit or loss account
Note
31 December 2022
(audited)
31 December 2021
(audited)
Depreciation of assets representing rights to use
271,886
163,480
Interest expense
28
32,097
25,848
(iii) Amounts recognized in the Statement of cash flows
31 December 2022
(audited)
31 December 2021
(audited)
Total cash outflows related to leasing agreements
337,356
224,795
(iv) Recognition of leasing agreements
Information relating to the recognition of leasing agreements according to IFRS 16 are presented in Note 3 (e).
S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A.
Notes to the Stand-Alone Financial Statements for the financial year ended as at 31 December 2022
(All amounts are expressed in RON, unless otherwise expressly provided for)
Notes 1 to 33 are an integral part of these individual financial statements.
44
7. INTANGIBLE NON-CURRENT ASSETS
Licenses and software
Software for the nuclear power plant
TOTAL
Cost
Balance as at 1 January 2021 (audited)
237,987,346
55,289,481
293,276,827
Inflows
6,503,316
-
6,503,316
Transfer into tangible non-current assets
(4,769,053)
-
(4,769,053)
Transfer from tangible non-current assets
3,142,607
-
3,142,607
Outflows
(741,573)
(1,029,938)
(1,771,511)
Balance as at 31 December 2021 (audited)
242,122,644
54,259,543
296,382,187
Balance as at 1 January 2022 (audited)
242,122,644
54,259,543
296,382,187
Inflows
11,401,870
3,626,905
15,028,775
Outflows
(17,909)
(380,168)
(398,077)
Balance as at 31 December 2022 (audited)
253,506,605
57,506,280
311,012,885
Accumulated depreciation
Balance as at 1 January 2021 (audited)
199,248,812
40,557,342
239,806,154
Depreciation expense
6,754,403
3,201,166
9,955,569
Outflow depreciation
(741,573)
(1,029,938)
(1,771,511)
Balance as at 31 December 2021 (audited)
205,261,643
42,728,570
247,990,212
Balance as at 1 January 2022 (audited)
205,261,643
42,728,570
247,990,212
Depreciation expense
6,830,721
5,816,192
12,646,913
Outflow depreciation
(17,909)
(380,168)
(398,077)
Balance as at 31 December 2022 (audited)
212,074,455
48,164,594
260,239,048
Carrying amount
Balance as at 1 January 2021
38,738,534
14,732,139
53,470,674
Balance as at 31 December 2021 (audited)
36,861,001
11,530,973
48,391,975
Balance as at 31 December 2022 (audited)
41,432,150
9,341,686
50,773,837
As at 31 December 2022, the intangible non-current assets held by the Company are licenses and software products purchased, and not internally generated. The Company does not book contractual commitments for development costs.
The accounting policies for intangible non-current assets are presented in Note 3 (f).
S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A.
Notes to the Stand-Alone Financial Statements for the financial year ended as at 31 December 2022
(All amounts are expressed in RON, unless otherwise expressly provided for)
Notes 1 to 33 are an integral part of these individual financial statements.
45
8. FINANCIAL ASSETS MEASURED AT AMORTIZED COST
As at 31 December 2022 the Company accounted for in position “Financial assets measured at amortized cost” its contributions as member of the European Mutual Association for Nuclear Insurance (“ELINI”), of the Romanian Commodities Exchange (“BRM”), of the Romanian Atomic Forum - Romatom (“ROMATOM”) and of HENRO Association, and governmental bonds.
31 December 2022
(audited)
31 December 2021
(audited)
ELINI contribution
5,032,931
5,032,931
Romanian Commodities Exchange contribution
24,000
23,000
Romatom contribution
100
100
HENRO contribution
250,000
250,000
Government bonds (i)
30,260,661
30,190,266
Loans granted to subsidiaries
5,695,250
-
Total
41,262,942
35,496,297
(i) Government bonds
As at 31 December 2022, respectively 31 December 2021 the Company held governmental bonds issued by the Ministry of Public Finance, with their due date on 24 June 2026, a fixed annual interest rate of 3.25% p.a. and a tendering return of 3.51% p.a.
Movement of financial assets representing governmental bonds:
31 December 2022
(audited)
31 December 2021
(audited)
Balance as at 1 January
29,680,203
-
Purchases
-
29,656,680
Maturity dates
-
-
Discount depreciation
70,929
23,523
Balance at the end of the reporting period
29,751,132
29,680,203
Accumulated interest
509,529
510,063
Government bonds - total
30,260,661
30,190,266
According to the issue prospectus, on 24 June 2022 the Company received the annual coupon in the amount of RON 975,000.
S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A.
Notes to the Stand-Alone Financial Statements for the financial year ended as at 31 December 2022
(All amounts are expressed in RON, unless otherwise expressly provided for)
Notes 1 to 33 are an integral part of these individual financial statements.
46
9. FINANCIAL INVESTMENTS IN SUBSIDIARIES
As at 31 December 2022, the situation of investments in branches is as follows:
31 December 2022
(audited)
31 December 2021
(audited)
Energonuclear S.A.
199,438,105
172,438,108
F.P.C.U Feldioara
200
200
Nuclearelectrica Serv
200
200
Total
199,438,505
172,438,508
Energonuclear S.A.
Energonuclear S.A. branch (“Energonuclear”) has its registered office located in Bucharest, sector 2, Bd. Lacul Tei, nr. 1 - 3, Lacul Tei Offices Building, 8th floor and is registered with the Trade register under number J40/3999/25.03.2009, with Unique Registration Code 25344972, tax attribute RO. The main activity of Energonuclear consists in “Engineering activities and related technical consultancy” - NACE Code 7112.
As of 31 December 2022 and 31 December 2021, the Company holds 100% of the share capital of Energonuclear. The value of the shareholding as at 31 December 2022 is RON 199,438,105 (31 December 2021: RON 172,438,108).
By Decision of the Extraordinary General Meeting of Shareholders no. 4/11.07.2017, the Company’s shareholders approved to grant a loan convertible into shares in amount of maximum RON 5,500,000 to Energonuclear S.A. branch for the purpose of financing the activities of maintenance and preservation of the site of Units 3 and 4 of Cernavodă NPP. Until 31 December 2021, Energonuclear had accessed the entire approved amount, namely RON 5,500,000, for which it had an accumulated interest rate of RON 272,005. The loan was converted into shares according to the Decision of the Extraordinary General Meeting of Shareholders no. 5/30.06.2021, registered with the Trade Register under application for amendments no. 485731/10.09.2021. As at 31 December 2022 the Company did not register any loans granted to Energonuclear S.A. branch.
In the year 2021, the share capital of Energonuclear S.A. branch was increased two times, as follows: according to the Decision of the Extraordinary General Meeting of Shareholders no. 3/21.04.2021 by issue of new shares amounting to RON 25,000,001.36, and according to the Resolution of the Extraordinary General Meeting of Shareholders no. 5/30.06.2021 in amount of RON 5,772,005.22, representing the conversion of the shareholding loan into shares.
In the year 2022, the share capital of Energonuclear S.A. branch was increased by the amount of RON 26,999,997.52, under Decision of the Extraordinary General Meeting of Shareholders no. 7/05.05.2022 by issue of new shares.
Fabrica de Prelucrare a Concentratelor de Uraniu - Feldioara S.R.L.
Fabrica de Prelucrare a Concentratelor de Uraniu - Feldioara S.R.L. Branch (“F.P.C.U Feldioara”) has its registered office located in Brasov County, Feldioara Locality, Str. Dumbravii nr. 1, the administrative building, ground floor and is registered with the Trade Register under number J8/2729/23.09.2021, with Unique Registration Code 44958790, tax attribute RO. The main activity of FPCU Feldioara consists in “Processing of nuclear fuel“– NACE Code 2446.
As at 31 December 2022, respectively 31 December 2021, the Company held 100% of the share capital of F.P.C.U Feldioara. The value of the shareholding on 31 December 2022 is RON 200 (31 December 2021: RON 200).
In the year 2021, the Company’s shareholders approved the granting of a loan in amount of RON 2,300,000, for the purpose of financing the activities and expenses of the branch upon its establishment, in compliance with the provisions of the activity programs and of the revenue and expenditure budget for the years 2021 and 2022. As at 31 December 2021, the Company granted the entire amount of RON 2,300,000 and had an accumulated interest rate of RON 3,938. As at 31 December 2022, the Company had a principal in amount of RON 3,600,000 and an accumulated interest rate of RON 138,213.
S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A.
Notes to the Stand-Alone Financial Statements for the financial year ended as at 31 December 2022
(All amounts are expressed in RON, unless otherwise expressly provided for)
Notes 1 to 33 are an integral part of these individual financial statements.
47
9. FINANCIAL INVESTMENTS IN SUBSIDIARIES (CONTINUATION)
Nuclearelectrica Serv S.R.L.
Nuclearelectrica Serv S.A. branch has its registered office located in Constanța County, Cernavodă Locality, Str. Energiei nr. 21, Hotel nr. 2, Building B, 1st floor and is registered with the Trade Register under number J13/4108/17.12.2021, with Unique Registration Code 45374854, tax attribute RO. The main activity of Nuclearelectrica Serv consists in “Other human resources provision” - NACE Code 7830.
As at 31 December 2022, respectively 31 December 2021, the Company held 100% of the share capital of Nuclearelectrica Serv. The value of the shareholding on 31 December 2022 and 31 December 2021 is RON 200.
In the year 2022, the Company’s shareholders approved the granting of a loan in amount of RON 2,300,000, for the purpose of financing the activities and expenses of the branch upon its establishment, in compliance with the provisions of the activity programs and of the revenue and expenditure budget for the years 2021 and 2022. Until 31 December 2022, the branch had accessed the amount of RON 1,920,000, for which it had an accumulated interest rate of RON 46,617.
10. FINANCIAL INVESTMENTS IN RELATED ENTITIES
Ropower Nuclear S.A.
In September 2022 the project company Ropower Nuclear S.A. was established, owned in equal parts by the shareholders S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A. and Nova Power&Gas S.R.L. Its registered office is located in Romania, Dâmbovița County, Doicești Locality, Strada Aleea Sinaia nr. 18, the Administrative Building, 1st floor, being registered with the Trade Register under number J15/1604/26.09.2022, Unique Registration Code 46901014, tax attribute RO. The main activity of the Company consists in the “Production of electricity” - NACE Code 3511.
As at 31 December 2022, the Company held 50% of the share capital of Ropower Nuclear S.A., the shareholding value amounting to RON 4,943,000 .
Ropower Nuclear S.A. Company is established to develop, raise financing, design, build and operate a facility for production of electricity from nuclear energy based on the small modular reactors in Doicești, County of Dâmbovița, based on the NuScale technology, consisting of 6 NuScale modules of 77 MWe each, totalling 462 MWe, as well as to operate a facility for production of electricity from solar energy, with a capacity of at least 80-100 MWe, in the commune of Sotanga, County of Dâmbovița.
S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A.
Notes to the Stand-Alone Financial Statements for the financial year ended as at 31 December 2022
(All amounts are expressed in RON, unless otherwise expressly provided for)
Notes 1 to 33 are an integral part of these individual financial statements.
48
11. INVENTORIES
As at 31 December 2022 and 31 December 2021 inventories are as follows:
31 December 2022
(audited)
31 December 2021
(audited)
Spare parts
240,796,144
201,210,391
Other raw materials and materials
412,403,547
358,939,127
Total
653,199,691
560,149,518
(i) Valuation of inventories
Costs are valued at weighted average cost (WAC) according to IAS 2. See Note 3 (k) for the other accounting policies relevant for inventories.
(ii) Amounts recognized in the Income Statement
The value of the inventories expensed in the financial year ended on 31 December 2022 is shown under Cost of Spare Parts and Cost of Nuclear Fuel, in the Income Statement and other comprehensive income, and is RON 177,118,781 (31 December 2021: RON 171,929,082).
The value of Inventories recognized as an expense during the financial year ending as at 31 December 2022 in accordance with IAS 2.34, representing inventories scrapped, impaired, written off, is of RON 1,042,623 (31 December 2021: RON 334.530). The Company examines the evolution of inventories on a periodical basis, providing in time impairment adjustments for inventories deemed to be impaired. Therefore, for inventories scrapped the Company provided impairment adjustments, which it wrote back on revenue upon their writing off. The effect on the statement of profit or loss is insignificant.
The value of impairment adjustments for inventories as at 31 December 2022 amounted to RON 50,081,781 RON (31 December 2021: RON 51,816,674). In the year 2022, depreciation adjustments were set-up in the amount of RON 218,305 (31 December 2021: RON 1,248,616) and impairment adjustments were written back on revenue, in amount of RON 1,953,198 (31 December 2021: RON 1,266,562).
In the year 2022, there were no inventory outflows written back.
(iii) Pledged inventories
As at 31 December 2022 the Company has no pledged or mortgaged inventories.
S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A.
Notes to the Stand-Alone Financial Statements for the financial year ended as at 31 December 2022
(All amounts are expressed in RON, unless otherwise expressly provided for)
Notes 1 to 33 are an integral part of these individual financial statements.
49
12. TRADE RECEIVABLES
As at 31 December 2022 and 31 December 2021 trade receivables were presented as follows:
31 December 2022
(audited)
31 December 2021
(audited)
Trade receivables
450,541,410
233,309,455
Impairment adjustments for trade receivables
(12,001,436)
(12,822,025)
Total
438,539,974
220,487,430
As at 31 December 2022, the main trade receivables in the balance were toward: Distributie Energie Electrica Romania S.A. RON 52,166,030 (31 December 2021: RON 2,377,268), Enel Energie S.A. RON 47,068,010 (31 December 2021: RON 19,137,596) Enel Energie Muntenia S.A. RON 43,660,872 (31 December 2021: RON 14,846,219), Electrica Furnizare S.A. RON 40,721,750 (31 December 2021: RON 40,923,394), S.P.E.E.H. Hidroelectrica S.A. RON 39,042,000 (31 December 2021: RON 0)
Sales made in 2022 to: The Electricity and Gas Market Operator “OPCOM” S.A. represented approximately 21% (2021: 22%), Enel Energie S.A. represented approximately 11% (2021: 5%), Enel Energie Muntenia S.A. represented approximately 10% (2021: 5%), Electrica Furnizare S.A. represented approximately 8% (2021: 16%), and E.ON Energie Romania S.A. represented approximately 5% (2021: 7%).
The Company's exposure to market and credit risks, as well as the value adjustments related to trade receivables, are presented in Note 30.
As at 31 December 2022, the headings “Trade Receivables" and "Adjustments for Impairment of Trade Receivables" include a net amount of RON 165,075,227 related to receivables from related parties (31 December 2021: RON 9,032,797).
13. OTHER FINANCIAL ASSETS MEASURED AT AMORTIZED COST
31 December 2022
(audited)
31 December 2021
(audited)
Other receivables
120,242,180
35,900,218
Impairment adjustments for other receivables
(583,180)
(596,559)
Taxes and duties
300,947
31,441,048
Advance payments
20,994,645
20,525,633
Total
140,954,592
87,270,340
As at 31 December 2022, the heading "Other Receivables" and "Impairment Adjustments for Other Receivables" include a net amount of RON 5,695,250 related to receivables from related parties, representing a loan granted to the subsidiary FPCU Feldioara SRL, including capitalized interest of RON 3,730. 772, and a loan granted to the subsidiary Nuclearelectrica Serv SRL, including capitalized interest of RON 1,964,478 (December 31, 2021: RON 2,303,938, representing the loan granted to the subsidiary FPCU Feldioara SRL, including capitalized interest).
As at 31 December 2022, the heading “Pre-Payments" includes the amount of RON 429,334 related to payments made in advance to related parties (31 December 2021: RON 8,289,405).
As at 31 December 2022, item “Taxes and duties” represented the recoverable VAT of RON 300.947 RON (31 December 2021: RON 29,345,270).
S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A.
Notes to the Stand-Alone Financial Statements for the financial year ended as at 31 December 2022
(All amounts are expressed in RON, unless otherwise expressly provided for)
Notes 1 to 33 are an integral part of these individual financial statements.
50
14. CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, BANK DEPOSITS
As at 31 December 2022 and 31 December 2021 cash and cash equivalents were presented as follows:
31 December 2022
(audited)
31 December 2021
(audited)
Cash in hand
81,936
74,078
Cash at bank in RON
259,300,485
218,255,673
Cash at bank in foreign currencies
25,057,497
2,507,785
Bank deposits less than 3 months
2,396,122,000
1,096,283,000
Other cash equivalents
440,509
279,463
Cash and cash equivalents - Total
2,681,002,427
1,317,399,999
As at 31 December 2022 and 31 December 2021 bank deposits having their original due date more than 3 months and less than one year were presented as follows:
31 December 2022
(audited)
31 December 2021
(audited)
Bank deposits
1,829,796,500
1,328,973,000
(i) Reconciliation with the Statement of cash flows
The above items are reconciled with the amount of cash presented in the Statement of cash flows at the end of the financial year, as follows:
31 December 2022
(audited)
31 December 2021
(audited, restated)
Cash in hand
81,936
74,078
Cash at bank
284,357,982
220,763,458
Bank deposits having their original due date less than 3 months
2,396,122,000
1,096,283,000
Other cash equivalents
440,509
279,463
2,681,002,427
1,317,399,999
(ii) Classification as cash equivalents
Term deposits are presented as cash equivalents if their due date is of 3 months or less from their set up. See Note 3 (m) for the other accounting policies of the Company concerning the cash and cash equivalents.
(iii) Restricted cash
Current accounts opened with banks are permanently at the disposal of the Company and are not restricted or encumbered.
Bank deposits are permanently at the disposal of the Company and are not restricted or encumbered.
As at 31 December 2022 the Company held bank guarantee letters under certain credit facilities, without any collateral deposits, in amount of RON 124,714,365 RON (31 December 2021: RON 91,453,350).
S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A.
Notes to the Stand-Alone Financial Statements for the financial year ended as at 31 December 2022
(All amounts are expressed in RON, unless otherwise expressly provided for)
Notes 1 to 33 are an integral part of these individual financial statements.
51
15. EQUITY
Share capital
The Company was established by spin-off from the former Autonomous Electricity Administration (“RENEL”). Share capital represents the State contribution to the Company’s establishment as at 30 June 1998 (restated with inflation until 31 December 2003), plus subsequent increases.
According to the articles of association, the authorized share capital of the Company amounts to RON 3,016,518,660. Subscribed and paid up share capital as at 31 December 2022 amounted to RON 3,016,438,940 RON, under the authorized capital.
As at 31 December 2022 and 31 December 2021, share capital included the effects of restatements registered also in the previous years according to the application of IAS 29 “Financial reporting in hyperinflationary economies”.
The structure of share capital is presented as follows:
31 December 2022
(audited)
31 December 2021
(audited)
Share capital subscribed and paid up (nominal value)
3,016,438,940
3,016,438,940
Restatement differences according to IAS 29
195,502,743
195,502,743
Share capital (restated value)
3,211,941,683
3,211,941,683
As at 31 December 2022, the statutory share capital value subscribed and paid up in full amounted to RON 3,016,438,940 RON, made up of 301,643,894 ordinary shares, each with a nominal value of RON 10.
The last increase in the share capital was made in the year 2020 by subscription of a number of 130,043 new shares, in amount of RON 1,300,430, representing the contribution in kind of the Romanian State, represented by the Ministry of Economy, Energy and Business Environment, and in cash representing the contribution of the Company’s shareholders. The increase in the share capital was made based on the Proportioned offer Prospectus related to the increase of the share capital, approved by Decision of AFS no. 976/13.08.2020 and by Decisions of the Extraordinary General Meeting of Shareholders no. 2/04.01.2019 and no. 12/19.12.2019, registered with the National Trade Register Office according to the Certificate of Amendments no. 484154/30.09.2020.
Holders of ordinary shares are entitled to receive dividends, as they are declared at certain timeframes, and the right to vote for one share within the General Meetings of Shareholders of the Company.
As at 31 December 2022 and 31 December 2021 shareholding structure was presented as follows:
Shareholders
Number of shares
31 December 2022
% of the share capital
Number of shares
31 December 2021
% of the share capital
Romanian State - Ministry of Energy
248,850,476
82.4981%
248,850,476
82.4981%
Other shareholders
52,793,418
17.5019%
52,793,418
17.5019%
Total
301,643,894
100%
301,643,894
100%
Share premium
In November 2013, the Company issued 28,100,395 ordinary shares to Bucharest Stock Exchange, by an initial public offer and by the shareholder Fondul Proprietatea S.A. exercising the right of preference. The amount received of RON 312,478,099 was made up of the increase of the share capital in amount of RON 281,003,950 and an issue premium in amount of RON 31,474,149.
S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A.
Notes to the Stand-Alone Financial Statements for the financial year ended as at 31 December 2022
(All amounts are expressed in RON, unless otherwise expressly provided for)
Notes 1 to 33 are an integral part of these individual financial statements.
52
15. EQUITY (CONTINUATION)
Reserves paid in advance
Reserve paid in advance amounted to RON 21,553,537 as at 31 December 2022 and 31 December 2021 and represented sites of public utility from Cernavodă NPP (RON 5,439,321 as at 31 December 2022 and 31 December 2021) and budget allowances related to the period 2007 - 2011 for building the Training and Recreation Center for Young People and Children in Cernavodă (RON 16,114,216) as at 31 December 2022 and 31 December 2021).
Statutory Reserves
According to legal requirements, the Company sets up statutory reserves of 5% of the gross profit statutorily registered, up to 20% of the share capital. The value of legal reserve as at 31 December 2022 amounted to RON 414.757.698 (31 December 2021: RON 255,132,853).
Legal reserves cannot be distributed to shareholders. The value of legal reserves was included in the financial position statement, under line “Result carried forward”.
Revaluation reserves, net of deferred tax
As at 31 December 2022, the revaluation reserve net of deferred tax amounted to RON 394,369,643 RON (31 December 2021: RON 451,742,500), net of deferred tax related to the revaluation reserve. The last revaluation of lands, buildings and constructions was made on 31 December 2021 by the independent valuer Primoval S.R.L., a member of the National Association of Authorized Romanian Valuers (“ANEVAR”). Prior to such revaluation, lands and buildings were revalued as at 31 December 2018.
In 2022, the Company recognized a decrease in the revaluation reserve, net of deferred tax, of RON 57,372,857 following its transfer to retained earnings (2021: RON 28,655,963).
Retained earnings
Retained earnings represent the accumulated result of the Company. Retained earnings are distributed based on the annual financial statements prepared in compliance with the Order of the Minister of Public Finance no. 2844/2016 for approval of Accounting Regulations compliant with the International Financial Reporting Standards.
In the financial year ended on 31 December 2022, the Company distributed dividends of RON 595,925,367 from the net profit of the 2021 financial year, according to OGMS Decision no. 5/28.04.2022 (2021: RON 472,117,575, distributed from the net profit of the 2020 financial year, according to OGMS Decision no. 5/26.04.2021). Net dividends unpaid as at 31 December 2022 amounted to RON 748,270 (31 December 2021: RON 848.118).
Movements in result carried forward
Note
31 December 2022
(audited)
31 December 2021
(audited)
Balance as at 1 January
4,648,549,459
4,055,915,983
Net profit of period
2,764,423,452
1,036,261,626
Actuarial Gains/(Losses) related to the defined benefit plans
1,745,457
471,723
Retained earnings from other adjustments
-
(638,261)
Transfer of revaluation reserves into retained earnings due to amortization
57,372,857
28,655,963
Dividends
(595,925,367)
(472,117,575)
Balance as at 31 December
6,876,165,858
4,648,549,459
S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A.
Notes to the Stand-Alone Financial Statements for the financial year ended as at 31 December 2022
(All amounts are expressed in RON, unless otherwise expressly provided for)
Notes 1 to 33 are an integral part of these individual financial statements.
53
15. EQUITY (CONTINUATION)
Dividends and profit distribution
In accordance with the statutory and legal provisions in force, the Ordinary General Meeting of Shareholders approves and fixes the dividends. The Board of Directors of the Company proposed to the shareholders the following distribution of the net profit.
Net profit to be allotted for the 2022 financial year
2,764,423,452
Statutory Reserves
159,624,845
Other reserves representing fiscal facilities provided by the law
65,367,295
Dividends
1,283,215,656
Other reserves (own financing sources)
1,256,215,656
Profit yet to be distributed
-
The net profit distribution proposal complies with the provisions of the Government Ordinance no. 64/2001 on the profit distribution at national enterprises, national companies and companies with full or majority State capital, as well as at self- governed administrations, as subsequently amended and supplemented.
The amounts proposed to be distributed as “employee participation in profit” are up to 10% of the net profit; however, not more than one average monthly base salary obtained in 2022, and considering the average headcount in 2022. The obligation to participate in the profit was established in income and expenditure budget for 2022, so that the provisions of Article 1(1)(e) of the Government Ordinance no. 64/2001 are observed. The amounts representing the employee participation in profit do not represent a direct distribution from the net profit; these are provisioned at the end of the financial year and distributed in the following financial year, after approval of the net profit distribution. Thus, the net profit of the financial year 2021 includes a provision for employee participation in profit (deducted from the accounting profit), of RON 27.0 million.
The amounts allocated to the statutory reserve are determined based on the provisions of Article 183 of Law no. 31/1990 according to which "at least 5% will be set aside from the Company's profit every year for the formation of the reserve fund, until this reaches at least one fifth of the share capital". The amount allocated to the statutory reserve was set aside at the end of the financial year, and represented the mandatory distribution of RON 159.624.845 .
Other reserves representing tax facilities provided by the law (RON 65,367,295) are allocated based on Article 22(1) of Law no. 227/2015 on the Tax Code, as subsequently amended and supplemented; these refer to the exempted corporate tax related to the profit invested in engineering equipment, electronic computers and peripheral equipment, cash registers, control and invoicing equipment, as well as software, either produced and/or purchased, as provided in subgroup 2.1, respectively in class 2.2.9 of the "Catalogue for classification and normal operating times of plant, property and equipment”, used to carry out the business activity. The amount allocated to reserves is the amount of profit invested in this equipment, net of the statutory reserve (5%).
The proposed gross dividends (RON 1.283.215.656) represent a distribution of 50% of the profit remaining after deduction from the net profit of the financial year (RON 2.764.423.452) of the statutory reserve (RON 159.624.845 ) and of the reserves representing tax facilities (RON 65,367,295).
S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A.
Notes to the Stand-Alone Financial Statements for the financial year ended as at 31 December 2022
(All amounts are expressed in RON, unless otherwise expressly provided for)
Notes 1 to 33 are an integral part of these individual financial statements.
54
16. EARNINGS PER SHARE
As at 31 December 2022 and 31 December 2021, earnings per share were:
(i) Earnings based on share
2022
(audited)
2021
(audited)
Net profit of the financial year
2,764,423,452
1,036,261,626
Number of ordinary shares at the beginning of the financial year
301,643,894
301,643,894
Number of ordinary shares issued during the financial year
Weighted average number of ordinary shares as at 31 December
301,643,894
301,643,894
Earnings per share (RON/share)
9.16,
3.44
(ii) Diluted earnings per share
2022
(audited)
2021
(audited)
Net profit of the financial year
2,764,423,452
1,036,261,626
Number of ordinary shares at the beginning of the financial year
301,643,894
301,643,894
Number of shares issued during the period
-
-
Weighted average number of ordinary shares at the end of the financial year
301,643,894
301,643,894
Weighted average number of ordinary shares (diluted) as at 31 December
301,643,894
301,643,894
Diluted earnings per share (RON/share)
9.16,
3.44
S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A.
Notes to the Stand-Alone Financial Statements for the financial year ended as at 31 December 2022
(All amounts are expressed in RON, unless otherwise expressly provided for)
Notes 1 to 33 are an integral part of these individual financial statements.
55
17. LOANS
The loans taken out by the Company as at 31 December 2022 and 31 December 2021 were as follows:
31 December 2022
(audited)
< 1 year
> 1 year
31 December 2021
(audited)
< 1 year
> 1 year
Bank loans
130,116,620
65,305,680
64,810,940
298,191,838
168,056,808
130,135,030
Interest
219,753
219,753
-
69,731
69,731
-
Total
130,336,373
65,525,433
64,810,940
298,261,569
168,126,539
130,135,030
Bank loans
Loans repayments during the financial year ended as at 31 December 2022 were:
Currenc y
Interest rate
Value
Final maturity year
Balance as at 1 January 2022 (audited)
298,191,838
New drawdowns
Repayments, of which
(173,284,441)
Societe Generale – ANSALDO BC
EUR
EURIBOR 6M + 0.7%
(19,002,453)
2022
Societe Generale – AECL BC
CAD
CDOR 6M + 0.375%
(39,683,048)
2022
EURATOM
EUR
EURIBOR 6M + 0.08%
(114,598,940)
2024
Foreign exchange differences
1,921,904
Commitment fees
3,287,319
Balance as at 31 December 2022 (audited)
130,116,620
(i) Long-term loans
As at 31 December 2022 and 31 December 2021 long-term loans from the credit institutions were presented as follows:
31 December 2022 (audited)
31 December 2021
(audited)
Societe Generale - ANSALDO BC
-
19,022,060
Societe Generale - AECL BC
-
37,526,147
EURATOM
130,116,620
244,930,950
Total loans
130,116,620
301,479,156
Less: current part of the long-term loans
(65,305,680)
(171,344,126)
Total long-term loans net of the short-term portion
64,810,940
130,135,030
S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A.
Notes to the Stand-Alone Financial Statements for the financial year ended as at 31 December 2022
(All amounts are expressed in RON, unless otherwise expressly provided for)
Notes 1 to 33 are an integral part of these individual financial statements.
56
17. LOANS (CONTINUATION)
Long-term loans are detailed as follows:
a) Loan granted by Societe Generale – ANSALDO
The loan was granted by Societe Generale to the Company in 2002. The initial amount of the loan obtained was EUR 115.3 million. The amount due as at 31 December 2022 is EUR 0 (zero) million (31 December 2021: EUR 3.8 million). Repayment is staged-out over a period of 16 years, in 30 instalments payable between December 2007 and June 2022. The loan carries a floating interest rate of EURIBOR 6M + 0.45% for the first 15 years and EURIBOR 6M + 0.7% for the remaining period. The loan is secured by the Romanian State through the Ministry of Finance.
b) Loan granted by Societe Generale – AECL
The loan was granted by Societe Generale to the Company in 2002. The initial amount of the loan obtained was CAD 327.8 million. The amount due as at 31 December 2022 is CAD 0 (zero) million (31 December 2021: CAD 10.92 million). Repayment is staged-out over a period of 16 years, in 30 instalments payable between December 2007 and June 2022. The loan carries a variable interest CDOR 6M + 0.375%. The loan is secured by the Romanian State through the Ministry of Finance.
c) Loan granted by EURATOM
The loan was granted by EURATOM to the Company in 2004. The initial amount of the loan obtained was EUR 223.5 million. The amount due as at 31 December 2022 is EUR 26.3 million (31 December 2021: EUR 49.5 million), related to the following instalments: (i) instalment I with a principal of EUR 0 (zero) million (31 December 2021: EUR 10 million); (ii) instalment II with a principal of EUR 18 million (31 December 2021: EUR 27 million) and (iii) instalment III with a principal of EUR 8.3 million (31 December 2021: EUR 12.5 million). Instalment I was repaid in 20 instalments payable in years 2013-2022; instalment II will be repaid in 20 instalments payable in years 2015-2024, and instalment III will be repaid in 16 instalments payable in years 2017-2024. The loan carries a floating interest rate of EURIBOR 6M + 0.080% for the first two instalments and EURIBOR 6M + 0.079% for the 3rd instalment. The loan is secured by the Romanian State through the Ministry of Finance.
The loan agreement sets out certain financial clauses: (i) the debt service coverage ration must be at least 1.5; (ii) the indebtedness must not exceed 2; (iii) the income booked by the Company must be sufficient to cover the operating and maintenance costs of Units 1 and 2, as well as for the interest payments in relation to Units 1 and 2.
The financial ratios need to be calculated based on the financial statements prepared in compliance with the International Financial Reporting Standards.
As at 31 December 2022 and 31 December 2021, the financial ratios requested by EURATOM are met. All loans were contracted to finance construction of Unit 2.
The Company has not entered into any hedging arrangement for its liabilities in foreign currency obligations or interest rate exposure. The fair value of long-term loans, which was estimated by discounting the future contractual cash flows using the current interest rate on the available market for similar financial instruments, does not differ significantly from the amounts above.
S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A.
Notes to the Stand-Alone Financial Statements for the financial year ended as at 31 December 2022
(All amounts are expressed in RON, unless otherwise expressly provided for)
Notes 1 to 33 are an integral part of these individual financial statements.
57
17. LOANS (CONTINUATION)
Collaterals
The loans from foreign banks contracted with Societe Generale (“SG”) and EURATOM are secured by the Romanian State through the Ministry of Public Finance. In addition, loans from SG are secured by external insurers (COFACE) and promissory notes are issued by the Company in favour of this creditor.
(ii) Short-term loans
As at 31 December 2022 and 31 December 2021 short-term loans were presented as follows:
31 December 2022 (audited)
31 December 2021
(audited)
Current part of the long-term loans
65,305,680
171,344,126
Long-term loans interest
219,753
69,731
Commitment fees and short-term insurance
-
(3,287,319)
Short-term loans - Total
65,525,433
168,126,539
18. TRADE AND OTHER PAYABLES
As at 31 December 2022 and 31 December 2021 trade and other payables were as follows:
31 December 2022
(audited)
31 December 2021
(audited)
Suppliers of non-current assets
46,767,931
31,022,440
Suppliers
110,396,300
92,429,200
Liabilities for employee debts
37,461,202
27,659,866
Liabilities to the state
239,212,576
106,820,417
Payable gross dividends
763,805
863,842
Other liabilities
10,713,845
27,144,138
Total
445,315,659
285,939,903
As at 31 December 2022, the main suppliers in the balance, from positions of “Suppliers of non-current assets” and “Suppliers”, were: Candu Energy Inc. RON 26,956,168 (31 December 2021: RON 11,842,682), General Electric Global Services GMBH RON 23,264,335 (31 December 2021: RON 2,255,783), Apele Romane Bucuresti RON 12,302,495 (31 December 2021: RON 12744720), the National Company for the Transmission of Electricity “Transelectrica” S.A. - RON 5,610,805 (31 December 2021: RON 1,470,551).
As at 31 December 2022, “Trade Payables and other Liabilities” include the amount of RON 38,176,357 (31 December 2021: RON 33,664,656) related to liabilities to related parties, of which, under the headings "Suppliers" and "Suppliers of non-current assets”, RON 30,113,114 (31 December 2021: RON 25,110,349) and under the heading “Liabilities to the State”, the amount of RON 8,063,243 (31 December 2021: 8,554,307 RON), representing the contribution to NRWA for decommissioning of the nuclear units and permanent storage of radioactive waste.
As at 31 December 2022, the heading “Liabilities to the State” includes mainly the liability related to the local taxes and duties set by the State authorities in 2023, of RON 73,261,115 (31 December 2021: RON 68,730,542) which, according to IFRIC 21 - Levies, it is recognized on 31 December. The taxes and duties fall due in the 2023 financial year.
S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A.
Notes to the Stand-Alone Financial Statements for the financial year ended as at 31 December 2022
(All amounts are expressed in RON, unless otherwise expressly provided for)
Notes 1 to 33 are an integral part of these individual financial statements.
58
19. PROVISIONS FOR RISKS AND CHARGES
As at 31 December 2022, respectively 31 December 2021 the Company recognized the following provisions, included under position of “Provisions for risks and charges” and under position of “Current part of provisions for risks and charges”:
31 December 2022
(audited)
31 December 2021
(audited)
Liabilities relating to the Intermediate Dry Storage Spent Fuel Facility (DICA)
70,294,835
70,278,140
Liabilities relating to other low and medium level radioactive and non-radioactive waste
64,737,442
115,383,486
Provision for litigations related to salary bonus
89,288,704
109,608,912
Employee participation in profit
27,000,000
20,000,000
Other provisions for risks and charges
224,307
93,610
Total
251,545,288
315,364,148
As at 31 December 2022, provisions in a total amount of RON 286,533,115 represented long and short-terms liabilities, as follows:
Current
part
(< 1 year)
Long-term part
(> 1 year)
Liabilities relating to the Intermediate Dry Storage Spent Fuel Facility (DICA)
36,687,192
33,607,643
Liabilities relating to other low and medium level radioactive and non-radioactive waste
13,129,086
51,608,356
Provision for litigations related to salary bonus (i)
-
89,288,704
Employee participation in profit
27,000,000
-
Other provisions for risks and charges
224,307
-
Total
77,040,585
174,504,703
(i) The item “Provision for disputes related to salary increases” represents the preliminary effect of the disputes initiated by trade unions against the Company, Cernavodă NPP Trade Union and Energetica Nucleara ’90 Free Trade Union, regarding the allowance for nuclear risk, representing a pay supplement. According to Civil Decision no. 63/27.02.2023 pronounced by the Constanta Court of Appeal in file no. 7036/118/2017, having as its object unpaid salary rights, representing the value of the increase in professional risk, the appeal filed by the plaintiffs was rejected as unfounded. The solution is definitive. Thus, the Company registered the value of the provision established for this file as income, in the amount of 34,987,828 RON.
See Note 3 (s) for the provision-relevant accounting policies.
S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A.
Notes to the Stand-Alone Financial Statements for the financial year ended as at 31 December 2022
(All amounts are expressed in RON, unless otherwise expressly provided for)
Notes 1 to 33 are an integral part of these individual financial statements.
59
20. DEFERRED INCOME
As at 31 December 2022 and 31 December 2021, deferred income is as follows:
31 December 2022
(audited)
31 December 2021
(audited)
Creditor customer
154,743,583
86,247,146
Grants of subsidy nature (i)
57,818,929
73,036,375
Governmental investment subsidies (ii)
5,918,917
-
Other deferred income
2,217,595
2,401,216
Total
220,699,024
161,684,737
(i) Grants of subsidy nature
As at 31 December 2022, the Company has grants coming from:
a) Subsidy amortized during the lifetime of Unit 1
The subsidies were granted in 2007 and consisted of writing off penalties and debts under loan agreements. The subsidies are recognized in the profit and loss statement as income for the period 2007 - 2026, over the period remaining to be depreciated for Unit 1. The value of the income from subsidies recognized in the Income Statement under "Other income” in 2022 amounts to RON 14,354,675 (2021: RON 14,354,155). The value of the subsidy at 31 December 2022 is in amount of RON 57,692,580 (31 December 2021: RON 72,037,242).
b) Grant agreement under the "Connecting Europe Facility" (CEF) - telecommunications sector, for the action "Cynergy - first ISAC for the Energy Sector in Romania", carried out through the European Health and Digital Executive Agency (HaDEA), in accordance with the rights delegated by the European Commission.
The action (Cynergy) aims to create a national information sharing and analysis center (ISAC) in the energy sector (electricity sub-sector) in Romania, which will serve the most prominent companies in this industry of the country, but taking into account a potential expansion to the South-Eastern Europe. The action will develop a robust and trusted sharing community that can easily provide useful knowledge and support to ISAC members when faced with cyber security threats.
The agreement is performed in the period 1 September 2021 30 August 2023. The maximum amount granted is EUR 445,024 and accounts for 75% of the eligible costs of the action. Before the date of these financial statements, the Company received the pre-financing of EUR 267,014. In 2022, project-related income or expenditure were booked in the amount of RON 872,785 (2021: RON 0 (zero)). The value of the subsidy at 31 December 2022 is in amount of RON 126,349 (31 December 2021: RON 99,133).
At the date of these financial statements, the Company does not report either any defaults of the conditions imposed for granting the subsidy, or any contingencies.
(ii) Governmental investment subsidies
The Company received from the US Trade and Development Agency (USTDA) a grant of USD 1.2 million in order to finance identification and assessment of a number of sites in Romania, including sites with existing coal-fired thermal plants that could be replaced by small modelling reactors. The study identified a number of potentially suitable sites, and eventually the site chosen for development of the first small modular reactor in Romania was that of Doicești, County of Dâmbovița.
The grants and governmental subsidies are recognized according to the provisions of IAS 20 “Accounting for government grants and disclosure of government assistance” (see Note 3(q)).
S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A.
Notes to the Stand-Alone Financial Statements for the financial year ended as at 31 December 2022
(All amounts are expressed in RON, unless otherwise expressly provided for)
Notes 1 to 33 are an integral part of these individual financial statements.
60
21. CORPORATE INCOME TAX
Corporate tax recognized in profit and loss statement:
2022
2021
(audited)
(audited)
Expense with current corporate tax
434,906,067
185,704,810
Net (income) from deferred tax
(6,832,608)
(17,873,134)
Total
(428,073,459)
(167,831,676)
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured on 31 December 2022 and 31 December 2021 at the standard tax rate of 16%, representing the currently adopted tax rate.
Reconciliation of the effective tax rate:
2022
2021
(audited)
(audited)
Profit before corporate tax
3,192,496,911
1,204,093,302
Tax in accordance with the statutory tax rate of 16%
510,799,506
192,654,928
Effect on corporate tax of:
Legal reserve
(25,539,975)
(9,621,497)
Tax amortization
(668,487)
(783,992)
Non-taxable income
(23,230,520)
(9,220,097)
Non-deductible costs
28,088,231
28,470,634
Gain from revaluation reserves
16,995,371
10,808,054
Temporary differences
(6,832,608)
(17,873,134)
Sponsorship
(6,776,395)
(7,221,810)
Reinvested profit
(11,009,228)
(3,221,916)
Corporate tax reduction according to the Government Emergency Ordinance no. 153/2020
(53,752,435)
(16,148,244)
Expense with corporate tax
428,073,459
167,831,677
The deferred tax consists of:
31 December 2022
(audited)
Assets
Liabilities
Net
Tangible non-current assets
141,888,769
141,888,769
Intangible non-current assets
1,045,028
1,045,028
Inventories
3,699,283
3,699,283
Trade receivables
(1,859,077)
(1,859,077)
Liabilities for employee benefits
(7,289,215)
(7,289,215)
Employee participation in profit
(4,320,000)
(4,320,000)
Provision for salary increases
(14,286,191)
(14,286,191)
Leaves not taken
(1,441,780)
(1,441,780)
Taxes and duties
(11,601,703)
(11,601,703)
Other provisions
(30,897)
(30,897)
Radioactive and non-radioactive waste
(10,357,991)
(10,357,991)
Net tax (asset)/liability
(47,487,571)
142,933,797
95,446,226
S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A.
Notes to the Stand-Alone Financial Statements for the financial year ended as at 31 December 2022
(All amounts are expressed in RON, unless otherwise expressly provided for)
Notes 1 to 33 are an integral part of these individual financial statements.
61
21. CORPORATE INCOME TAX (CONTINUATION)
31 December 2021
(audited)
Assets
Liabilities
Net
Tangible non-current assets
162,161,766
162,161,766
Intangible non-current assets
1,250,695
1,250,695
Inventories
(651,876)
(651,876)
Trade receivables
(1,992,016)
(1,992,016)
Liabilities for employee benefits
(7,420,638)
(7,420,638)
Employee participation in profit
(3,200,000)
(3,200,000)
Provision for salary increases
(17,512,945)
(17,512,945)
Leaves not taken
(877,635)
(877,635)
Taxes and duties
(10,977,700)
(10,977,700)
Other provisions
(39,458)
(39,458)
Radioactive and non-radioactive waste
(18,461,358)
(18,461,358)
Net tax (asset)/liability
(61,133,626)
163,412,461
102,278,835
The table with the movements in the 2022 and 2021 deferred tax liabilities is as follows:
Balance as at 31 December 2020 (audited)
Deferred tax recognized in profit and loss
Deferred tax recognized directly in other comprehensiv e income
Balance as at 31 December 2021 (audited)
Deferred tax recognized in profit and loss
Deferred tax recognized directly in other comprehensive income
Balance as at 31 December 2022 (audited)
Tangible non- current assets
120,113,342
(11,576,632)
53,637,822
162,161,766
(20,272,996)
10,928,240
141,888,769
Intangible non- current assets
1,362,970
(112,276)
1,250,695
(205,667)
1,045,028
Inventories
(881,818)
229,942
(651,876)
4,351,159
3,699,283
Trade receivables
(1,687,382)
(304,634)
(1,992,016)
132,939
(1,859,077)
Liabilities for employee benefits
(5,850,125)
(1,570,513)
(7,420,638)
131,424
(7,289,215)
Provision for salary increases
(15, 553 ,480)
(1,959,465)
(17,512,945)
3,226,754
(14,286,191)
Employee participation in profit
(3,412,232)
212,232
(3,200,000)
(1,120,000)
(4,320,000)
Leaves not taken
(724,373)
(153,261)
(877,635)
(564,145)
(1,441,780)
Taxes and duties
(10,218,498)
(759,202)
(10,977,700)
(624,003)
(11,601,703)
Radioactive and non- radioactive waste
(16,621,492)
(1,839,866)
(18,461,358)
8,103,368
(10,357,991)
Other provisions
-
(39,458)
(39,458)
8,560
(30,897)
Net tax (asset)/liabilit y
66,526,912
(17,873,132)
53,637,822
102,278,835
(6,832,607)
10,928,240
95,446,226
S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A.
Notes to the Stand-Alone Financial Statements for the financial year ended as at 31 December 2022
(All amounts are expressed in RON, unless otherwise expressly provided for)
Notes 1 to 33 are an integral part of these individual financial statements.
62
22. LIABILITIES FOR EMPLOYEE BENEFITS
31 December 2022 (audited)
31 December 2021 (audited)
Retirement benefits
25,011,151
21,173,561
Anniversary bonuses
11,878,616
12,491,451
Decease benefits
894,429
885,922
Retirement benefits in electricity
7,773,395
11,828,056
Total
45,557,591
46,378,990
As at 31 December 2022, the Company has the following obligations:
to pay the retiring employees the retirement pension which varies between 2 and 3 base pays, depending on the number of years of service in the field of electricity, heat and nuclear energy;
to pay the employees anniversary bonuses depending on the number of years of service in the field of electricity, heat and nuclear energy;
to pay an aid to the employee's family, in case of their decease;
to pay the retiring employees an energy benefit, representing the equivalent of the electricity quota of 1,200 KWh/year. The criterion for granting this benefit is 15 years of service in the energy field, of which at least the last 10 years with the Company. This benefit is granted starting from 1 April 2017.
The following macroeconomic and Company-specific assumptions were considered for application of IAS 19 "Employee Benefits" as at 31 December 2022 and 31 December 2021.
Measurement date
31 December 2022
31 December 2021
Number of employees
2,344
2,205
Salary increase rate
The management of the Company estimated an increase in line with the annual increase rate of consumer prices communicated by the National Prognosis Committee for 2022-2026. The weighted average rate of salary increases is 5.7% p.a.
The inflation rate was estimated based on the statistics issued by INSSE and the BRD forecast of August 2022, as follows: 13.9% in 2022, 7.5% in 2023, 4.9% in 2024, 3.0% in 2015 and 2.5% p.a. in years 2026-2031, and will follow a downward trend in the following years. The average weighted inflation rate is 3.7% p.a.
The management of the Company estimated an increase in line with the annual increase rate of consumer prices communicated by the National Prognosis Committee for the weighted average rate of salary increases is 2.8% p.a.
The inflation rate was estimated based on the 2021-2025 Autumn Forecast issued by the National Strategy and Prognosis Committee, as follows: 4.7% in 2022, 3.4% in 2023, 2.7% in 2024 and 2.5% p.a. in years 2025-2031, and will follow a downward trend in the following years.
Raise rate in kWh price
The kWh price as updated on 31 December 2022 was RON 1.2961. For years 2023-2030, the estimates provided by the Company and a similar trend for the following years were used. The weighted average rate of the kW price rise is 0.8% p.a.
The kWh price as updated on 31 December 2021 was RON 0.7567. For years 2022- 2030, the estimates provided by the Company and a similar trend for the following years were used.
Weighted average discounting rate
7.8%
4.9%
Mortality tables
2018 Mortality Table of the Romanian population issued by the National Institute of Statistics.
2018 Mortality Table of the Romanian population issued by the National Institute of Statistics.
Gross average salary
10,895
9,337
S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A.
Notes to the Stand-Alone Financial Statements for the financial year ended as at 31 December 2022
(All amounts are expressed in RON, unless otherwise expressly provided for)
Notes 1 to 33 are an integral part of these individual financial statements.
63
22. LIABILITIES FOR EMPLOYEE BENEFITS (CONTINUATION)
The above assumptions were taken into considering:
bond yields on the active market at the end of December 2022. The residual times to maturity available were 1-10 years and 13-14 years. For the other time periods, the discount rate was estimated using the Smith-Wilson extrapolation method;
estimated long-term inflation rate of 2.0% p.a. (31 December 2021: 2.0%);
estimated long-term real yield on governmental bonds of 1.45% p.a. (31 December 2021: 1.6%);
liquidity premium for Romania of 0% (31 December 2021: 0%);
weighted average discounting rate of 7.8% (31 December 2021: 4.9%).
Sensitivity analysis
The significant actuarial assumptions considered for calculation of the employee benefit liability are: discounting rate, salary increase and retirement age.
Assumptions
Retirement benefits
Aids for employee decease
Anniversary bonuses
Retirement benefits in electricity
Total liabilities with defined benefits
PVDBO as at 31 December 2022 (RON)
25,011,151
894,429
11,878,616
7,773,395
45,557,591
Discounting rate +1%
23,771,840
840,859
11,204,837
6,825,570
42,643,105
Discounting rate -1%
26,379,315
954,298
12,627,262
8,926,409
48,887,284
Salary increase rate/kW price +1%
26,501,421
963,695
12,739,570
9,016,634
49,221,320
Salary increase rate/kW price -1%
23,648,485
832,279
11,100,479
6,747,378
42,328,622
Increase in longevity by 1 year
25,117,367
812,688
11,917,866
7,960,759
45,808,679
In the sensitivity analysis above, the updated amount of the benefit liability was calculated using the projected unit credit method, according to the provisions of IAS 19, at the end of the reporting period, which is the same as that applied for calculation of the benefit liabilities recognized in the statement of the financial position.
S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A.
Notes to the Stand-Alone Financial Statements for the financial year ended as at 31 December 2022
(All amounts are expressed in RON, unless otherwise expressly provided for)
Notes 1 to 33 are an integral part of these individual financial statements.
64
23. INCOME FROM THE SALE OF ELECTRICITY
(i) Income from sales of electricity
2022
(audited)
2021
(audited)
Sales of energy on the regulated market
-
65,878
Sales of energy on the free market
6,337,877,402
3,096,113,550
Sales of thermal energy
5,729,022
6,940,688
Income from the sale of green certificates
33,276
29,457
Total
6,343,639,700
3,103,149,573
(ii) Quantity of sold electricity*)
2022
(audited)
2021
(audited)
Quantity of sold electricity on the regulated market (MWh)
361
Quantity of sold electricity on the free market (MWh)
10,513,116
10,890,657
10,513,116
10,891,017
*) The amount of electricity sold does not include the amount of electricity related to income from positive imbalances recovered on the Balancing Market, of 40,798 MWh for the financial year ended on 31 December 2022 (33,702 MWh for the financial year ended on 31 December 2021).
The Romanian energy sector is regulated by the Romanian Energy Regulatory Authority (“ANRE”), an independent public institution.
Starting from the year 2021, ANRE has not established any delivery obligations for producers on the regulated market. Agreements concluded on the regulated market for the 2nd semester of 2020 have delivery term expressed in CET hours; the last delivery hour in the year 2020 was the first hour of January 2021 (361 MWh, regulated price amounting to RON 182.63/MWh (amount net of T g )).
On the free market, the Company sold 99.61% of the total energy sold in 2022 (2021: 99.69%), at an average sale price of RON 600.15/MWh (2021: 284.29 RON/MWh), amount net of Tg.
The Company is a participant in the Balancing Market according to the balancing market participation agreement concluded with C.N. Transelectrica S.A. and set up a Guarantee in amount of RON 50,000, valid until 11 June 2023 and is a member of PRE Ciga Energy SA, according to the agreement concluded with Ciga Energy S.A. for the provision of the representation service as a party responsible for balancing.
The Company carries out the activity of generation of heat energy by operation of the energy facilities related to the electricity and heat energy production units in two heat exchangers with a total heat power of 40 Gcal/h and 46.51 MW. The Company delivers heat to the local heat distribution company, S.C. Utilitati Publice S.A. Cernavodă , as well as to certain end consumers in Cernavodă Locality– economic operators, social and cultural institutions. The sales of heat in 2022 amount to RON 5,729,022 (2021: RON 6,940,688).
S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A.
Notes to the Stand-Alone Financial Statements for the financial year ended as at 31 December 2022
(All amounts are expressed in RON, unless otherwise expressly provided for)
Notes 1 to 33 are an integral part of these individual financial statements.
65
24. OTHER INCOME
2022
(audited)
2021
(audited)
Income from investments subsidies
14,354,675
14,354,155
Income from operating subsidies
872,785
-
Income from compensation, fines and penalties
3,592,024
6,223,431
Net income from sale of assets held for sale
-
1,970,976
Income from restatement of provisions and value adjustments
74,987,912
-
Other income
73,660,311
64,691,980
Total
167,467,707
87,240,542
The subsidies for investments (long-term deferred income) were granted in 2007 and consisted of writing off penalties and debts under loan agreements. The subsidies are recognized in the profit and loss statement as income for the period 2007 - 2026, over the period remaining to be depreciated for Unit 1.
25. PERSONNEL COSTS
2022
(audited)
2021
(audited)
Salaries and wages
509,613,797
408,570,366
Costs of social insurance and similar
45,622,074
35,516,867
Total personnel costs
555,235,871
444,087,233
The breakdown on categories of employees is as follows:
2022
(audited)
2021
(audited)
Management staff
89
221
Operational staff
2,256
1,984
Total effective headcount
2,345
2,205
The average headcount of the Company in 2022 was 2,221 (2021: 2,002 employees). As at 31 December 2021, the effective headcount was 2,345 (2021: 2,205 employees).
S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A.
Notes to the Stand-Alone Financial Statements for the financial year ended as at 31 December 2022
(All amounts are expressed in RON, unless otherwise expressly provided for)
Notes 1 to 33 are an integral part of these individual financial statements.
66
26. ADDITIONAL INCOME TAX EXPENSES / CONTRIBUTION TO THE ENERGY TRANSITION FUND
2022
(audited)
2021
(audited)
Additional income tax expenses / Contribution to the Energy Transition Fund
1,085,014,040
-
Total
1,085,014,040
-
During 2022, the Company has booked additional income tax, i.e., contribution to the Energy Transition Fund, in the amount of RON 1,085,014,040 (31 December 2021: RON 0). On December 31, 2022, the balance of the debt regarding the contribution to the Energy Transition Fund is worth RON 73,259,726 (31 December 2021 RON: 0).
The additional income was established and calculated on the basis of art. II (1) of Law no. 259/2021 for the approval of GEO no. 118/2021, as subsequently amended and supplemented, and results from the difference between the average monthly selling price of electricity and the price of 450 RON/MWh. The tax rate applied to additional income realized is 80%. The calculation method is established by GEO no. 27/2022 (Annex 6) and applies, according to art. 4 of the GEO no. 27/2022 for the period 1 November 2021 - 31 August 2022.
According to GEO no. 119/01.09.2022 for amendment and supplement of GEO no. 27/2022, starting with 1 September 2022, for the period 1 September 2022 - 31 August 2023, electricity producers must pay a contribution to the Energy Transition Fund. The calculation method is provided for in Annex 6 of this ordinance and is determined as a difference between the monthly sale price and the reference price (RON 450/MWh) multiplied by the monthly quantity physically delivered.
Effective 16 December 2022, Law no. 357/2022 approving the Government Emergency Ordinance no. 119/01.09.2022, which set forth a number of amendments to the provisions of the Government Emergency Ordinance no. 119/2022 on the contribution to the Energy Transition Fund, came into effect. The application period has been extended until 31 March 2025, and the calculation methodology was amended so that the amount of the contribution would be further determined as the product between the difference between the monthly sale price and the amount of RON 450/MWh and the monthly quantity physically delivered from own production. During the time period when Law no. 357/2022 applies, the monthly expenditure included also the cost of unbalances.
S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A.
Notes to the Stand-Alone Financial Statements for the financial year ended as at 31 December 2022
(All amounts are expressed in RON, unless otherwise expressly provided for)
Notes 1 to 33 are an integral part of these individual financial statements.
67
27. OTHER OPERATING EXPENDITURE
2022
(audited)
2021
(audited)
Other expenses with services executed by third parties
97,498,218
90,869,487
NRWA costs
100,535,482
102,229,602
Expenses with energy and water
91,268,972
83,919,600
Expenses with fuel and other consumables
62,274,284
55,021,008
Expenditure related to ANRE contribution
3,121,500
3,120,333
Expenses with insurance premiums
13,555,971
12,263,163
Expenses with the transport and telecommunications
10,749,690
7,831,854
Expenses with building tax
71,957,968
67,980,477
Net expenses related to provisions and value adjustments
-
25,051,292
Other operating expenditure
51,154,313
47,155,468
Total
502,116,398
495,442,284
NRWA costs
Starting with 2007, following the Government Decision no. 1080/2007 regarding the safe management of radioactive waste and decommissioning of the nuclear plants, the Company is required to pay two types of contributions to NRWA:
- Contribution for decommissioning each nuclear unit in amount of EUR 0.6/MWh net electricity produced and delivered in the system;
- Contribution for the permanent storage of radioactive waste of EUR 1.4/MWh of net electricity produced and delivered in the system.
According to this legislative act, the annual contribution for decommissioning is paid during the designed lifetime of nuclear units, and the direct annual contribution for the final storage is paid during the operating period of nuclear units, and, therefore, NRWA is held responsible for the management of the entire decommissioning process, at the end of the useful lifetime of nuclear plant and storage of the resulting waste.
Expenditure related to ANRE contribution
ANRE contribution for the year 2022 is calculated according to the Order ANRE no. 143/2021, representing 0.1% of the turnover realized in 2021, from activities carried out under the licenses held. As at 31 December 2022 the contribution amounts to RON 3,121,500 (31 December 2021: RON 3,120,333). For the year 2021, the contribution was calculated according to the Order of ANRE no. 223/09.12.2020, representing 0.1% of the turnover realized in 2020, from activities carried out under the licenses held.
Other operating expenditure
Position of “Other operating expenditure” includes expenses related to operating license paid to NCNAC Bucharest, in amount of RON 9,900,000 (31 December 2021: RON 9,900,000).
28. FINANCIAL INCOME AND EXPENDITURE
2022
(audited)
2021
(audited)
Interest income
217,870,423
52,247,112
Income from exchange rate differences
20,164,465
8,749,348
Dividend income
60,935
1,840
Financial income regarding the amortization of governmental bonds differences
70,929
23,523
Other financial income
9,623
2,896
Financial income - Total
238,176,375
61,024,719
Expenses from exchange rate differences
(24,235,623)
(25,821,026)
Interest expense
(7,451,711)
(10,590,459)
Financial expenses - Total
(31,687,334)
(36,411,485)
Net financial costs
206,489,041
24,613,234
S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A.
Notes to the Stand-Alone Financial Statements for the financial year ended as at 31 December 2022
(All amounts are expressed in RON, unless otherwise expressly provided for)
Notes 1 to 33 are an integral part of these individual financial statements.
68
29. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
(i) Transactions with State-owned companies
The Company operates in an economic environment dominated by companies owned or controlled by the Romanian State through its governmental authorities and agencies, collectively known as State-owned companies.
The Company has made significant transactions with other State-owned or controlled companies, including: sales of electricity (OPCOM SA, Societatea de Distributie a Energiei Electrice Muntenia Nord SA); purchases of electricity (S.P.E.E.H. Hidroelectrica SA); purchase of electricity transmission and balancing services (C.N. Transelectrica SA); purchase of natural uranium as UO2 sinterable powder (Compania Nationala a Uraniului S.A.); purchase of processing services for noncompliant materials containing natural uranium from the NFP Pitesti Branch for recovery of uranium as UO2 sinterable powder (Compania Nationala a Uraniului S.A.); purchase of treatment services for the radioactive water resulting from production activities (Regia Autonoma Tehnologii pentru Energia Nucleara Institutul de Cercetari Nucleare Pitesti); and payment of contribution for the management of the decommissioning process of the two units and for the final disposal of nuclear waste at the end of the useful lifetime of the two units, as well as for the permanent disposal of the resulting residues (Nuclear and Radioactive Waste Agency - NRWA).
In the pursuit of its business, the Company identified the following transactions and balances with its main related parties:
Sales
Receivables as at
2022
(audited)
2021
(audited)
31 December 2022
(audited)
31 December 2021
(audited)
the Romanian Electricity and Gas Market Operator (OPCOM S.A.)
1,332,533,729
689,505,394
1,478,997
1,038,664
Electrica Furnizare S.A.
560,894,954
489,370,866
40,721,750
40,923,394
Distributie Energiei Electrica Romania S.A.
299,140,052
23,550,323
52,166,030
2,377,268
C.N. Transelectrica S.A.
150,862,549
23,353,543
26,367,201
2,360,979
Utilitati Publice S.A. NPP Branch
6,018,958
7,173,715
5,724,145
4,293,192
Energonuclear S.A.
79,747
47,307
2,405
1,358
Nuclearelectrica Serv S.R.L
46,512
-
1,966,512
-
F.P.C.U. Feldioara S.R.L.
132,203
-
3,730,772
2,303,938
Compania Nationala a Uraniului S.A.
-
-
6,564,582
6,984,740
Total
2,349,708,704
1,233,001,147
138,722,393
60,283,533
The balance of receivables as at 31 December 2022 and 31 December 2022, as presented above, does not include advance paid to suppliers or accrued expenses with related parties.
S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A.
Notes to the Stand-Alone Financial Statements for the financial year ended as at 31 December 2022
(All amounts are expressed in RON, unless otherwise expressly provided for)
Notes 1 to 33 are an integral part of these individual financial statements.
69
29. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (CONTINUATION)
(i) .. Transactions with State-owned companies (continuation)
Purchases
Liabilities as at
2022
(audited)
2021
(audited)
31 December 2022
(audited)
31 December 2021
(audited)
the Romanian Electricity and Gas Market Operator (OPCOM S.A.)
369,609,440
163,660,060
1,068,264
1,270,024
Compania Nationala a Uraniului S.A.
103,328,704
13,607,654
1,417,293
733,670
Nuclear and Radioactive Waste Agency
100,535,482
102,229,602
8,063,243
8,554,307
Apele Romane Bucharest
64,591,306
62,645,588
12,302,495
12,744,720
National Commission for Nuclear Activities Control
9,308,220
9,072,357
-
-
C.N. Transelectrica S.A.
22,960,763
13,516,752
5,610,805
1,470,551
Dobrogea Seaside Water Basin Administration
12,639,264
11,784,811
3,215,249
3,045,001
Regia Autonoma Tehnologii pentru Energia Nucleara - ICN
11,567,810
7,320,166
2,771,157
2,974,967
Raja S.A.
3,700,316
2,864,304
754,733
562,972
Regia Autonoma Tehnologii pentru Energia Nucleara - CITON
3,798,642
2,800,634
1,153,794
1,588,295
Romanian Energy Regulatory Authority
3,121,500
2,451,830
735,522
-
Compania Nationala Administratia Canalelor Navigabile S.A.
1,239,265
2,725,782
203,195
202,559
Hidroelectrica S.A.
200,300
-
78,762
-
Utilitati Publice S.A. NPP Branch
201,236
79,464
18,540
16,349
Total
706,802,248
394,759,005
37,393,053
33,163,415
The balance of intercompany payables as at 31 December 2022 and 31 December 2021, as presented above, does not include advance payments received from related customers.
(ii) Guarantees received from the Romanian State through the Ministry of Finance
All loans are secured by the Romanian State through the Ministry of Finance (see Note 17).
S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A.
Notes to the Stand-Alone Financial Statements for the financial year ended as at 31 December 2022
(All amounts are expressed in RON, unless otherwise expressly provided for)
Notes 1 to 33 are an integral part of these individual financial statements.
70
29. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (CONTINUATION)
(iii) Waging of the Company’s management
The Company’s management include:
- The members of the Board of Directors, who have mandate contracts concluded with the Company;
- Executives with mandate contract in the Company;
- Other executives of the Company who signed individual employment agreements, under the terms laid down in the collective bargaining agreements, as applicable.
Members of the Board of Directors, who have directorship (mandate) contracts concluded with the Company, and the remuneration of whom is approved by the General Meeting of Shareholders. Executives with mandate contracts are remunerated based on the contractual provisions, within the general limits approved by the GMS. Detailed information on the remuneration of the Company's directors and executives is included in the Annual Report of the Nomination and Remuneration Committee, set up under the Company's Board of Directors. The amounts shown are gross remunerations.
2022
2021
(audited)
(audited)
Remuneration of then Company’s management
(gross amounts)
18,119,030
16,936,390
18,119,030
16,936,390
S.N. Nuclearelectrica S.A.
Notes to the Stand-Alone Financial Statements for the financial year ended as at 31 December 2022
(All amounts are expressed in RON, unless otherwise expressly provided for)
Notes 1 to 33 are an integral part of these individual financial statements.
71
30. MANAGEMENT OF SIGNIFICANT RISKS
The main risks the Company is exposed to are:
- market risk (price risk, interest rate risk and currency risk);
- credit risk;
- liquidity risk;
- taxation risk;
- operational risk.
The general risk management strategy seeks to maximize the Company's profit against the level of risk it is exposed to, and to minimize any potential adverse variations on the Company's financial performance.
The Company has no formal agreements to hedge financial risks. Despite the fact that there are no formal hedge agreements, financial risks are strictly monitored by the management considering the financial needs of the Company in order to effectively manage risks and opportunities. The financial department regularly prepares forecasts of cash-flows in order to help the management make decisions.
a) Market risk
Market risk is defined as the risk of incurring a loss or not obtaining the expected profit, due to fluctuations of prices, interest rates and currency exchange rates.
The Company is exposed to the following categories of market risk:
(i) Price risk
The Company is exposed to the risk related to variation in the price of electricity traded on the competitive and spot (DAM+IDM) markets, as well as on the balancing market. To mitigate this risk, the Company trades most of the electricity generated on the competitive market, by concluding long-term bilateral contracts, with fixed prices and well-defined price formulas.
In 2022, the amount of electricity sold on the competitive market accounted for 89.15% (2021: 86.83%) of the total volume of electricity sold, and on the spot market (DAM+ IDM), an amount of electricity representing 10.46% was sold (2021: 12.9%); the difference was represented by positive imbalances of 0.39% (2021: 0.31%), and for the year 2021, an insignificant amount was sold on the regulated market 0.003%. The average sale price under bilateral contracts in 2022 was RON 531.36/MWh, Tg included (31 December 2021: RON 253.67/MWh, Tg included), and on the spot market (DAM+ IDM) the average price was RON 1,207.36/MWh, Tg included (31 December 2021: RON 490.67/MWh, Tg included). The regulated price of electricity sold on the regulated market in 2021 was RON 183.93/MWh, Tg included.
A positive variation of 10% in the price of electricity sold would lead to an increase in profit after taxes on 31 December 2022 by RON